Measuring instruments for the parameters of an electrostatic field and their calibration
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MEASURING INSTRUMENTS FOR THE PARAMETERS OF AN ELECTROSTATIC FIELD AND THEIR CALIBRATION K. B. Shchiglovskii and V. S. Aksel'rod
UDC 621.319.7.08:621.317.82
A large quantity of specialized instruments are employed to investigate the electrostatic fields and charges of materials during technological processing. Moreover, attempts are made without justification to use the same instruments under different conditions for measurements on different parameters, thereby sometimes resulting in the wrong conclusions. The errors associated with the measurement of electric-field intensity and potential are especially frequent [i, 2]. Instruments are being used that have transducers in the form of cylinders with a sensing element located on one of its ends [3] or on the cylindrical surface [I]. Different authors interpret the readings of these instruments differently depending on the method of calibrating the transducer. A number of authors consider the possibilities of calibrating the same transducers in fields having different configurations for both intensity and potential. In order to interpret an instrument's reading properly, it is necessary to know the parameter to which the transducer is reacting and to restrict its field,of use. The questions of designing and calibrating the transducers of the "grounded conducting probe" kind for intensity and potential measurements of an electrostatic field are discussed below. In order to explain the relationships among the field parameters measured and the indications of the measuring instrument, it is necessary to introduce here a number of definitions and assumptions. i. We will refer to the body which is introduced into the field to be measured and which has conducting sensing elements on its surface that are connected by some means to ground, or are connected with it during a measurement, as a grounded conducting probe. 2. We will regard the field that exists in space before the introduction of the probe as the original field, and the field with the probe present as the measured field. 3. We will regard as a reference point that point in space where the potential of the original field is equal to the potential assumed by an uncharged probe located close to the point. 4. During the subsequent discussions we will assume that: .I.IL _ ~ ~'Z
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