Measuring the Global Burden of Tuberculosis
There are several ways to measure the burden of TB. Estimated TB incidence and its rate have been utilized as the most popular indicators of TB burden since 1997. According to the WHO’s estimation of the global TB burden, there were 9.2 million new TB cas
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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1190
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Global TB Burden and its Trend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1192
3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6
How the Burden is Estimated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1192 Incidence as an Indicator of Burden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1192 Estimation of Incidence Using Different Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1195 Estimation of Incidence from Annual Risk of TB Infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1198 Estimation of Incidence from Disease Prevalence Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1198 Estimation of Incidence from Vital Registrations of Deaths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1199 Estimation of Trends in Incidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1200
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4.3 4.4
Prevalence as an Independent Indicator for Millennium Development Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1200 How to Detect TB Cases in the Community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1201 Culture Examinations are Recommended to Measure TB Burden and to Confirm TB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1204 High Risk Groups and Their Role in Resurgence of TB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1205 Prevalence Survey Brings Other Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1205
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Delay Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1205
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New Technology for Screening and Diagnosis to Measure the Burden . . . . . . . . . . 1205
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Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1206
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Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1206
4.1 4.2
Summary Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1209
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Springer Science+Business Media LLC 2010 (USA)
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Measuring the Global Burden of Tuberculosis
Abstract: There are several ways to measure the burden of TB. Estimated TB incidence and its rate have been utilized as the most popular indicators of TB burden since 1997. According to the WHO’s estimation of the global TB b
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