Mechanical Properties

As early as the 1920s single crystals of cadmium and zinc, with remarkably high purity, had already been produced by Boas and Schmid [1,2], shortly before the concept of dislocations was introduced in 1934 by Orowan [3], Polanyi [4] and Taylor [5], based

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MATERIALS PROCESSING

Physics and Astronomy

ONUNE Ll8RARY

http://www.springer.de/phys/

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH

Springer Series in

MATERIALS PROCESSING Series Editors: W. Michaeli H. Warlimont E. Weber This series is focused on the science and application of materials processing as an essential part of progress in the materials field. It addresses researchers and process engineers alike. The scope of the series includes all classes of materials - metals, inorganic non-metallic materials, polymers and composites - in the form of bulk materials, thin films and layered structures as well as micro- and nanostructured forms. All aspects of materials processing from fundamental understanding to innovative strategies and methods of practical process implementation and control are covered. It is the aim ofthe series to provide comprehensive information on the science and application ofleading-edge and well-established processing technologies. Low-Pressure Synthetic Diamond. Manufacturing and Applications Editors: B. Dischler and C. Wild Purification Process and Characterization of Ultra High Purity Metals Application of Basic Science to Metallurgical Processing Editors: Y. Waseda and M. Isshiki Supercritical Fluid Science and Technology Editors: Y. Arai, T. Sako, and Y. Takebayashi Epitaxy. Physical Foundation and Technical Implementation By M.A. Herman and W. Richter

Series homepage - http://www.springer.de/phys/books/ssmp/

Yoshio Waseda Minoru Isshiki (Eds.)

Purification Process and Characterization of Ultra High Purity Metals Application of Basic Science to Metallurgical Processing

With 151 Figures and 56 rabIes

"

Springer

Professor Dr. Yoshio Waseda Professor Dr. Minoru Isshiki Tohoku University Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials Katahira 2-choume 1-1 Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577. Japan E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

Series Editors: Professor Dr. Walter Michaeli Institut fur Kunststoffverarbeitung, Pontstrasse 49 52062 Aachen, Germany

Professor Dr. Hans Warlimont Institut rur Festkorper- und Werkstofforschung e.v., Helmholtzstrasse 20 01069 Dresden, Germany

Professor Dr. Eicke Weber University of California, Materials Science and Mineral Engineering 587 Evans Hali, Berkeley, CA 94720-1760, USA

ISSN 1434-9795 ISBN 978-3-642-62530-5 ISBN 978-3-642-56255-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-56255-6 Ubrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Purification process and characterization of ultra high purity metals: Application ofbasic science to metallurgical processingl Yoshio Waseda, Minoru Isshiki (eds.). p. cm. - (Springer series in materials processing, ISSN 1434-9795) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-3-642-62530-5 1. Metals-Refining. 1. Waseda, Yoshio. II. Isshiki, Minoru, 1948- III. Series. TN 673.P87 2001 669'.028-dc21 00-069259 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illust