Mechanics of Flow Similarities
The mechanics of similarity encompasses the analysis of dimensions, performed by various procedures, the gasdynamic similarity and the model technology. The analysis of dimensions delivers the dimensionless numbers by which specific physical challenges ca
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Mechanics of Flow Similarities
Mechanics of Flow Similarities
Claus Weiland
Mechanics of Flow Similarities
123
Claus Weiland Head of Aerothermodynamics Launcher Propulsion (retired) EADS Space Transportation Bruckmühl, Germany
ISBN 978-3-030-42929-4 ISBN 978-3-030-42930-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42930-0
(eBook)
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To the woman, I married 50 years ago.
Preface
Flows are physical fields where elements of material move under the influence of forces or physical interactions ) equations of motion. The field theories arose about the 1800s from the theory of potentials, for instance, the potentials of gravitational or electrical fields. The description of the field theory requires the elements of the infinitesimal calculus (integral and differential calculus). These were developed independently by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716) and Isaac Newton (1643–1727). Daniel Bernoulli (1700–1782) and Leonhard Euler (1707– 1783), who were close friends, have worked and taught together in St. Petersburg around the year 1727. They were the first who have described flows and their field structure with the elements of the infinitesimal calculus. This has led to the system of partial differential equations, which characterizes inviscid flow fields, established by Leonhard Euler. Between 1822 and 1845 these equations of motion were extended to viscous flows, today known as the Navier-Stokes equations. At that time comprehensive solutions either analytically or numerically were not possible. Therefore a large number of scientists and engineers had attempted to simplify the equations by sometimes far-reaching assumpti
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