Mediators of mitophagy that regulate mitochondrial quality control play crucial role in diverse pathophysiology
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REVIEW
Mediators of mitophagy that regulate mitochondrial quality control play crucial role in diverse pathophysiology Rudranil De & Somnath Mazumder Bandyopadhyay
&
Uday
Received: 23 June 2020 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Mitochondria are double membrane–bound cellular work-horses constantly functioning to regulate vital aspects of cellular metabolism, bioenergetics, proliferation and death. Biogenesis, homeostasis and regulated turnover of mitochondria are stringently regulated to meet the bioenergetic requirements. Diverse external and internal stimuli including oxidative stress, diseases, xenobiotics and even age profoundly affect mitochondrial integrity. Damaged mitochondria need immediate segregation and selective culling to maintain physiological homeostasis. Mitophagy is a specialised form of macroautophagy that constantly checks mitochondrial
R. De Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, Plot No: 36, 37 & 38, Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal 700135, India S. Mazumder : U. Bandyopadhyay Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India U. Bandyopadhyay (*) Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Rd, Scheme VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India e-mail: [email protected]
quality followed by elimination of rogue mitochondria by lysosomal targeting through multiple pathways tightly regulated and activated in context-specific manners. Mitophagy is implicated in diverse oxidative stress– associated metabolic, proliferating and degenerative disorders owing to the centrality of mitopathology in diseases as well as the common mandate to eliminate damaged mitochondria for restoring physiological homeostasis. With improved health care and growing demand for precision medicine, specifically targeting the keystone factors in pathogenesis, more exploratory studies are focused on mitochondrial quality control as underlying guardian of cellular pathophysiology. In this context, mitophagy emerged as a promising area to focus biomedical research for identifying novel therapeutic targets against diseases linked with physiological redox perturbation. The present review provides a comprehensive account of the recent developments on mitophagy along with precise discussion on its impact on major diseases and possibilities of therapeutic modulation. Keywords Mitochondrial quality control . Mitophagy . Autophagy . Oxidative stress . Mitochondrial apoptosis . Mitochondrial disease
e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction Present Address: S. Mazumder Department of Zoology, Raja Peary Mohan College, 1 Acharya Dhruba Pal Road, Uttarpara, West Bengal 712258, India
Mitochondria play a fundamental role in eukaryotic metabolism. Mitochondria (singular, mitochondrion) are double membrane–bound eukaryotic organelles
Cell Biol Toxicol
first observed in 1840; later, Richard Altmann c
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