Medieval Scotland The Making of an Identity
In the eleventh century there was no such identity as Scotland. The Scots were one of several peoples in the Kingdom of the King of Scots: the Picts may have faded away, but English, British, Galwegians were still distinct and Anglo-Normans were soon to b
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mSTORY OF IRElAND D. G. Boyce The Irish Question and British Politics, 1868-1996 (2nd edn) Sean Duffy Ireland in the Middle Ages David Harkness Ireland in the Twentieth Century: Divided Island mSTORY OF SCOTLAND Keith M. Brown Kingdom or Province? Scotland and the Regal Union, 1603-1715 Bruce Webster Medieval Scotland HISTORY OF WALES A. D. Carr Medieval Wales Early Modern Wales, c.1525-1640
J. Gwynfor Jones
Further titles are in preparation
MEDIEVAL SCOTlAND THE MAKING OF AN IDENTI1Y
BRUCE WEBSTER
First published in Great Britain 1997 by
MACMILLAN PRESS LID
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-0-333-56761-6 ISBN 978-1-349-25402-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-25402-6 First published in the United States of America 1997 by
ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC.,
Scholarly and Reference Division, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 ISBN 978-0-312-16519-2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Webster, Bruce. Medieval Scotland: the making of an identity / Bruce Webster. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-312-16519-2 (cloth) I. Scotland-History-1057-1603. 2. Scotland-History-Warof Independence, 1285-1371. 3. National characteristics, Scottish. 4. Nationalism-Scotland-History. 5. Civilization, Medieval. I. Title. DA779.W43 1997 941.1-dc20 96-30739 CIP © Bruce Webster 1997
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WIP 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his rights to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. 10 9 06 05
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgements
Vlll
x
M~s
Genealogical Tables
XIV
Introduction: The Problem of a Scottish Identity
1
1
9
The Identity of Place
2 The Identity of Order
21
3
The Identity of Faith
50
4
The Wars of Independence
71
5
The National Identity
94
6
Scotland and Christendom
113
Epilogue: A New Age?
132
Notes and References
138
Select Bibliography
151
Index
157
VU
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
An essay on such a wide subject as this involves many obligations. I hope my debts to the publications of others are acknowledged in the references which follow the text. I would like, however, particularly to thank the Historical Association for its ve
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