Melatonin in business with abiotic stresses in plants
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Melatonin in business with abiotic stresses in plants Tanveer Ahmad Khan1 • Qazi Fariduddin1 • Faroza Nazir1 • Mohd Saleem1
Received: 30 November 2019 / Revised: 26 August 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 Prof. H.S. Srivastava Foundation for Science and Society 2020
Abstract Melatonin (MEL) is the potential biostimulator molecule, governing multiple range of growth and developmental processes in plants, particularly under different environmental constrains. Mainly, its role is considered as an antioxidant molecule that copes with oxidative stress through scavenging of reactive oxygen species and modulation of stress related genes. It also enhances the antioxidant enzyme activities and thus helps in regulating the redox hemostasis in plants. Apart from its broad range of antioxidant functions, it is involved in the regulation of various physiological processes such as germination, lateral root growth and senescence in plants. Moreover this multifunctional molecule takes much interest due to its recent identification and characterization of receptorCandidate G-protein-Coupled Receptor 2/Phytomelatonin receptor(CAND2/PMTR1) in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this compiled work, different aspects of melatonin in plants such as melatonin biosynthesis and detection in plants, signaling pathway, modulation of stress related genes and physiological role of melatonin under different environmental stresses have been dissected in detail.
& Qazi Fariduddin [email protected] Tanveer Ahmad Khan [email protected] Faroza Nazir [email protected] Mohd Saleem [email protected] 1
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
Keywords Antioxidant Environmental stresses Melatonin (CAND2/PMTR1) Reactive oxygen species
Introduction Melatonin (MEL) (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is naturally occurring bioactive indolamine molecule, present in phylogenetically distinct organisms. It is a small molecule and has a skeleton of benzene and indol ring with methoxy side chain and an alkylamide side chain respectively, having a molecular weight of 232.28 g/mol. It was first discovered and extracted from the bovine pineal gland of cow and also reported in humans (Lerner et al. 1958, 1959). Due to its ability to change (lighten) the skin color in amphibians and certain fishes by assembling the melanin (pigment granules), it is named as melatonin. This pleiotropic molecule governs a wide range of biological functions. In animals, it modulates various physiological actions and hence acts as biological modulator of circadian rhythms, sleep, mood, retina physiology, food intake, locomotory activity, sexual behaviour, immunology and seasonal reproductive physiology (Reiter et al. 1993; Hardeland 2013; Carrillo-Vico et al. 2013; Majidinia et al. 2018). The rhythmic secretion of MEL serves as a signaling molecule of darkness hence controls various physiological actions like (sleep—/wake-up cycle; endocrine secretion cycles)
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