Role of brassinosteroids in mitigating abiotic stresses in plants
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REVIEW
Role of brassinosteroids in mitigating abiotic stresses in plants Sneha Bhandari 1 & Tapan K. Nailwal 1 Received: 6 March 2020 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 # Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2020
Abstract Plants require extrinsic factors like air, water, light, nutrition, etc. for the regulation of their growth and development. Similarly, phytohormones are equally important for plants as intrinsic factors. Phytohormones are active molecules vital for various aspects in growth and development starting from embryogenesis, plant-pathogen defense and organ size regulation to reproductive development. These hormones also play an active role in mediating defense response against biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. According to estimates, a substantial loss in agricultural yields leading to concerns on food security worldwide has been reported due to abiotic stresses like salinity, extreme temperatures, drought, etc. To cope up with harsh stress conditions, plants develop certain altered growth patterns and physiological processes. Among various groups of phytohormones produced by plants, those which are based on isoprenoid origin are quite important in safeguarding plants against environmental stress. Brassinosteroids are one of the novel groups of plant hormones of isoprenoid origin. Due to its remarkable growth supporting property, these are regarded as phytohormones with pleiotropic effects. They dominate miscellaneous physiological activities such as growth, development, rhizogenesis, seed germination, senescence and most importantly abiotic stress tolerance in plants. In general, when a plant perceives a signal produced by stress, then it triggers a cascade mechanism of signal transduction with plant growth regulators, acting as alphatransducers. Keywords Phytohormones . Isoprenoid . Brassinosteroids . Abiotic stress
Introduction Ever since the Earth was created, it has constantly been experienced fluctuating climatic conditions. If we compare the present age to ancient times, history has seen the globe as a warmer, cooler, wetter, drier, gases in variable concentrations (Dunlop and Brown 2008). One can easily say that these changes have driven vegetation shifting; for example, during glacial periods, herbaceous communities dominated in the interglacial era, forest communities gradually dominated most of the regions. According to scientists, for speciation process and their extinction, primitive climatic changes have played a crucial role (Sahney et al. 2010). It is a well-known fact that environmental conditions combined with other factors play a vital role in vegetation distribution and function. * Tapan K. Nailwal [email protected]; [email protected] Sneha Bhandari [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Nainital, Bhimtal Campus, Bhimtal 263136, India
Long term changes in environmental conditions are known as climate change. These climate changes brought together massive impacts on floral diversity; besides, more e
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