Membrane applications for microbial energy conversion: a review
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REVIEW
Membrane applications for microbial energy conversion: a review Haixing Chang1,4 · Yajun Zou1 · Rui Hu1 · Haowen Feng1 · Haihua Wu1 · Nianbing Zhong2 · Jianjun Hu3 Received: 19 May 2020 / Accepted: 3 June 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Technologies for conversion of microbial energy have recently attracted interest to transform waste into bioenergy, thus addressing simultaneously environmental and energy issues. Nonetheless, actual microbial systems for energy conversion have limitations such as low rate of mass transfer, uneven energy distribution and strong inhibition of products and byproducts. These technical bottlenecks can be alleviated by using membranes, which regulate the transfer of mass, heat and energy. Here we review applications of membranes for microbial energy conversion. We discuss mechanisms, functions and development of membranes for feedstock preparation, bioenergy production and bioproduct post-treatment. We present key membrane factors that control the efficiency of microbial fuel cells. We address membrane biofouling problems and antifouling approaches, in order to improve future commercialization. Keywords Membrane · Microbial energy · Microbial fuel cell · Biohydrogen · Bioreactor · Biofouling
Introduction Nowadays, human beings still rely on traditional fossil fuels like natural gas, coal and petroleum as predominant fuel types for activities. But limited reservoir, depleting supply and ever-increasing consumption restrict the dependency on traditional fossil fuels as major energy sources (Chang et al. 2020a, b; Kumari and Singh 2018). Besides, many environmental problems associated with fossil fuels * Nianbing Zhong [email protected] * Jianjun Hu [email protected] 1
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
2
Chongqing Key Laboratory of Fiber Optic Sensor and Photodetector, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Modern Photoelectric Detection Technology and Instrument, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
3
Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
4
Key Laboratory of Low‑Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
combustion have proposed pressing needs to develop renewable and environmental-friendly energy sources which are derived from non-fossil sources in ways that can be replenished (Bouabidi et al. 2018; Fu et al. 2018; Guo et al. 2019). Among various renewable energy types, like solar, wind, hydro, geothermal and biofuels (Aravind et al. 2020), the biofuels produced via microbial energy conversion are considered as one of the most promising energy types due to its high energy conversion efficiency, mild operating conditions and environmental remediation ability (Srivastava et al. 2017)
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