Nanocarbons for Energy Conversion: Supramolecular Approaches
This book focuses on nanocarbons (carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanoporous carbon, and carbon black) and related materials for energy conversion, including fuel cells (predominately proton exchange membrane fuel cells [PEMFC]), Li-ion batteries, and superca
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Naotoshi Nakashima Editor
Nanocarbons for Energy Conversion: Supramolecular Approaches
Nanostructure Science and Technology Series editor David J. Lockwood, FRSC National Research Council of Canada Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/6331
Naotoshi Nakashima Editor
Nanocarbons for Energy Conversion: Supramolecular Approaches
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Editor Naotoshi Nakashima International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER) Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
ISSN 1571-5744 ISSN 2197-7976 (electronic) Nanostructure Science and Technology ISBN 978-3-319-92915-6 ISBN 978-3-319-92917-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92917-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018943713 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
As seen in the periodic table, there are more than 110 elements on the earth. Various organic and polymer, inorganic, bio, and composite materials using these elements have been developed and enriched our lives. Among them, carbon is one of the most widely used common materials, especially new types of nanocarbons have attracted many researchers. Carbon nanotubes (discovered by S. Iijima in 1991) and graphene are representative examples of such nanomaterials that are expected to be key materials of science and technology in the twenty-first century in the world of nanoscience and technology. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene are p-conjugated one-dimensional (*1–3 nm in diameter, several microns in length) and two-dimensional crystal nanostructural “macromolecules”, respectively. In this sense, their nature
