Menopause A Comprehensive Approach
This book provides an evidence-based approach to the universal experience of menopause. Its structured format clearly separates the biological basis from the clinical impact and quality of life, while also examining menopause within the context of healthy
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Menopause A Comprehensive Approach
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Menopause
Antonio Cano Editor
Menopause A Comprehensive Approach
Editor Antonio Cano Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Valencia Valencia Spain
ISBN 978-3-319-59317-3 ISBN 978-3-319-59318-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-59318-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017957721 © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
The increase in life expectancy is a global phenomenon. Women live longer than men, and the gained number of years keeps expanding the postmenopausal period, because menopausal age has not moved substantially. Menopause, therefore, has evolved from an event that only a century ago was identified with the end of life to an endocrinological episode that affects women at midlife. Much has changed in the view of menopause in the latter 4–5 decades. The confirmation of the fall in the production of estrogens as the main feature of menopause, and the corresponding impact on symptoms and susceptibility to disease, was the basis for the development of hormone therapy. For years, hormones were the solution for controlling symptoms, of course, but also and more importantly for many women and doctors, for risk reduction against important threats linked with aging, like osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, cognitive decline, or mood deterioration. Hormones were a sort of panacea to preserve health and quality of life, and their use became a recommendation to almost every postmenopausal woman, even in the absence of symptoms. The Women’s Health Initiative study defined a turning point that, in a sort of
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