Mercury isles in titanate nanotubes: a new strategy for using mercury electrodes in analytical application
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RIGINAL PAPER
Mercury isles in titanate nanotubes: a new strategy for using mercury electrodes in analytical application Eduardo Henrique Bindewald1 · Ediane Angelo1 · Edmílson Kleinert1 · Márcio Fernando Bergamini1 · Luiz Humberto Marcolino‑Junior1 Received: 31 July 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 / Published online: 15 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This work reports for the first time the use of titanate nanotubes (TiNT) as adsorbent structure for H g2+ ions and its use in construction of mercury-based electrodes for analytical applications. TiNTs with diameter of around 15 nm and length between 40 and 200 nm were obtained by hydrothermal alkaline synthesis and characterized by FTIR, DRX, and TEM. A carbon paste electrode modified with 15% (w/w) of TiNT was used for spontaneous mercury ions incorporation, by simply immerging in a H g2+ solution for 120 s. “Mercury isles” were obtained by electrochemical reduction of adsorbed H g2+ 2+ ions. Under the best optimized conditions, the proposed device was evaluated for the determination of Z n ions in pharmaceutical samples. A linear relationship of anodic peak current and Z n2+ ions concentration was observed at a range of 4.0–20 µmol dm−3, with sensitivity of 0.54 μA dm3 μmol−1, limit of detection and limit of quantification of 1.2 µmol dm−3 and 4.0 µmol dm−3, respectively. Satisfactory agreement with a comparative method showed the useful application of the sensor, with the advantage of the Zn preconcentration step at open circuit potential condition. This strategy allows the use of several electrodes at the same time, which characterize this device as a feasible passive sampler. Graphic abstract
Keywords Titanate nanotubes · Zinc determination · Mercury-based electrode
Introduction Titanate nanotubes (TiNTs) are nanoscale tubular structures generally obtained by dissolution of titanium dioxide in sodium hydroxide solution at high concentrations [1]. TiNT structures have been demonstrated a singular performance * Luiz Humberto Marcolino‑Junior [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LabSensE), Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
for different applications including fuel cells [2], sensors for gas and pH [3], as well photocatalytic systems and as agent for environmental analysis systems [4]. The great versatility of this material can be attributed to its simple synthesis and intrinsic properties such as high surface adsorption, biocompatibility [5, 6], and high S/N ratio [7]. In addition to the above-mentioned properties, previous works have explored the cationic affinity of TiNTs, especially for metallic species in the field of electrocatalysis [8]. Despite of this, few reports of its use in electroanalysis have been described. Chemical properties similar to TiNTs are very appreciated for the construction of electrochemical sensors and have
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Results and discussion TiNT characterization The synt
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