Mesoporous Silica Doped with Dysprosium and Modified with Nickel: A Highly Efficient and Heterogeneous Catalyst for the
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Mesoporous Silica Doped with Dysprosium and Modified with Nickel: A Highly Efficient and Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of Benzene, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes R. V. Shafigulin1 · E. O. Filippova1 · A. A. Shmelev1 · A. V. Bulanova1 Received: 10 October 2018 / Accepted: 13 January 2019 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract The catalytic activity of synthesized by the template method mesoporous silica doped with dysprosium and modified with nickel (Dy-Ni/MPS) in the hydrogenation of benzene, ethylbenzene and xylenes has been studied. The catalyst is characterized by various techniques such as TEM, SEM, BET, XRD, ICP, XRF analyses. It is shown that the presence of dysprosium in the MPS structure increases the activity of the catalyst. The catalytic activity of the catalyst (Dy-Ni/MPS) has been explored in hydrogenation reaction of benzene derivatives with excellent conversion (96–100%) at low pressure. Graphical Abstract
Keywords Heterogeneous catalyst Dy-Ni/MPS · Hydrogenation of benzene derivatives Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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1 Introduction The hydrogenation of unsaturated and aromatic hydrocarbons is one of the main reactions of the oil refining and petrochemical industries [1–3]. Generally, these processes occur at high temperatures and pressures, so the search for new efficient and selective catalysts that would allow developing energy-saving technologies is a current scientific direction [4–6]. Over the past few decades, interest in mesoporous silica gels is increasing due to a number of advantages of these materials, such as chemical inertness, highly developed surface area, chemical and mechanical stability, low toxicity and biospecificity. All of these properties make mesoporous silica gels promising for their use as sorbents and carriers for catalysts [7–11]. The surface of mesoporous silica modify with various compounds to impart catalytic properties. The obtained materials combine the initial properties of silica gel and the properties of the grafted compound [12, 13]. Modified porous silica are widely used as catalyst carriers for such industrially important processes as oxidation of organic [14–17] and inorganic [18, 19] substances, hydrogenation [20–22], dehydrogenation [23, 24] and many others [25–28]. Various heterogeneous hydrogenation catalysts have been developed and investigated. The range of used metals is very wide—from basic (for example, nickel and copper) to noble metals (for example, platinum and palladium). The d-band model has been particularly useful in investigating and systematizing the correlation between the electronic structure and the catalytic activity of transition materials. Theoretical study on the example of ethylene hydrogenation shows that activation barriers for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation depend on the location of the d-band center of the metal catalyst with respect to the Fermi level [29, 30]. Several authors prepared S iO2-supported monometall
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