Metabolic syndrome in fifth grade children with acanthosis nigricans: results from the CARDIAC project
- PDF / 257,287 Bytes
- 8 Pages / 595.22 x 842 pts (A4) Page_size
- 25 Downloads / 178 Views
Metabolic syndrome in fifth grade children with acanthosis nigricans: results from the CARDIAC project Christa L Ice, Emily Murphy, Valerie Evans Minor, William A Neal Morgantown, USA
Methods: The study used results from a large-scale screening of fifth-grade students in West Virginia to explore the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among 676 male and female participants who had mild to severe AN. Results: In this high-risk sample of students who had AN, 49% met the criteria, i.e., three risk factors including insulin resistance, high body-mass index, and elevated blood pressure or dyslipidemia, when tested for metabolic syndrome. Children with AN who were classified as obese or morbidly obese were at significantly increased odds of having metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: Results are discussed in terms of systematically defining metabolic syndrome for highrisk children, as well as public health and clinical interventions targeting children who are overweight or obese. The presence of AN and morbid obesity might be easily observed markers for metabolic syndrome. World J Pediatr 2009;5(1):23-30
Author Affiliations: Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University, USA (Ice CL, Murphy E, Neal WA); Department of Nursing, AldersonBroaddus College, USA (Minor VE) Corresponding Author: Christa L Ice, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, WVU Health Sciences, PO Box 9214, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA (Tel: 1-304-293-6515; Fax: 1-304-293-1409; Email: [email protected]) doi:10.1007/s12519-009-0004-7 ©2009, World J Pediatr. All rights reserved.
Key words: acanthosis nigricans; children; metabolic syndrome; obesity; risk factors
Introduction
C
onsistent with a rise among adults,[1] obesity in childhood is reaching epidemic proportions.[2,3] Obesity in children and adolescents is associated with various cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, and elevated insulin levels,[4-6] as well as an increased risk of CVD morbidity and mortality in adulthood.[7] The clustering of CVD risk factors has been labeled metabolic syndrome and is associated with atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes.[8-11] Elevated body-mass index (BMI) and certain CVD risk factors, including hyperinsulinemia, have also been linked to acanthosis nigricans (AN) in both adults[12] and children.[13,14] Guidelines from the 2001 National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP III) estimate that 22% of US adults have metabolic syndrome.[15] The World Health Organization (WHO) uses a set of slightly different, disease-based criteria for metabolic syndrome,[16] but adult prevalence using this definition is similar to that found with the NCEP guidelines.[17] There is no set definition of metabolic syndrome for children, and adult definitions may not be applicable. A recent literature review[15] found 27 publications about metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. In these 27 publications, 40 unique definitions of metabolic syndrome were used, generally following adaptations of the WHO, NCEP, and the European
Data Loading...
