Metacontrol and joint action: how shared goals transfer from one task to another?
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Metacontrol and joint action: how shared goals transfer from one task to another? Roman Liepelt1,2,3 · Markus Raab2,4 Received: 25 February 2020 / Accepted: 23 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract In most of our daily activities and in team sports, we interact with other individuals and do not act in isolation. Using a social variant of the standard two-choice Simon task, this study aims to test if competitive/cooperative processing modes (i.e., metacontrol states) change the degree of bodily self-other integration between two persons in joint action. In addition, and more exploratory the study tested if this effect depends on a shared group experience with the partner. Two participants shared a visual Simon task, so that each person basically performed complementary parts of the task, which transfers the paradigm into a go/no-go Simon task for each person. Before running this joint Simon task, we set both participants either in a competitive or a cooperative control state by means of a dyadic game, a manipulation aimed at testing possible goal transfer across tasks. We found significant joint Simon effects for participants who were in a competitive state and for participants who were in a cooperative state. The joint Simon effect for participants being in a competitive state was significantly smaller than for participants being in a cooperative state. When experiencing the goal induction together with the partner, the joint Simon effect was significantly decreased as when the induction was performed alone. Both effects (metacontrol state induction and shared experience) seem to be statistically independent of each other. In line with predictions of metacontrol state theory, our study indicated that abstract cognitive goal states can be transferred from one task to another task, able to affect the degree of bodily self-other integration across different task situations.
Introduction We often work together with other human beings to reach shared goals trying to improve the team performance. But frequently, we also compete against other people either alone (e.g., in a single tennis match) or together with other people (e.g., in tennis doubles) trying to achieve group goals at the expense of others’ goals. When working in independent groups as in bowling or golf, task characteristics of the group performance can be seen as additive (Steiner, 1972). However, in co-acting (e.g., in paddling) or interacting groups * Roman Liepelt roman.liepelt@fernuni‑hagen.de 1
Department of General Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, FernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany
2
Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
3
Institute for Psychology, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
4
School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
(e.g., in basketball), task characteristics of the group performance are typically seen as conjunctive (Steiner, 1972). The aim of this study is to test if competitive/cooperative processing modes (i.e., metacon
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