Metagenomic analysis revealed the sulfur- and iron- oxidation capabilities of heterotrophic denitrifying sludge
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Metagenomic analysis revealed the sulfur- and iron- oxidation capabilities of heterotrophic denitrifying sludge Kailong Huang
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Qiaoling Li1 Haohao Sun1 Xu-Xiang Zhang1 Hongqiang Ren1 Lin Ye1 ●
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Accepted: 27 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Heterotrophic denitrification is widely applied in wastewater treatment processes to remove nitrate. However, the ability of the heterotrophic denitrifying sludge to use inorganic matter as electron donors to perform autotrophic denitrification has rarely been investigated. In this study, we enriched heterotrophic denitrifying sludge and demonstrated its sulfur- and ironoxidizing abilities and denitrification performance with batch experiments. Based on high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, high diversity and abundance of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) (e.g., Sulfuritalea, Thiobacillus, and Thiothrix) and iron (II)-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) (e.g., Azospira and Thiobacillus) were observed. Metagenomic sequencing and genome binning results further suggested that the SOB in the heterotrophic denitrifying sludge were mainly Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria instead of Gammaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria. The similarities of potential iron-oxidizing genes with known sequences were very low (32–51%), indicating potentially novel FeOB species in this system. The findings of this study suggested that the heterotrophic denitrifying sludge harbors diverse mixotrophic denitrifying bacterial species, and based on this finding, we proposed that organic carbon and inorganic electron donors (e.g., sulfur, thiosulfate, and iron) could be jointly used in engineering practices according to the quality and quantity of wastewater to balance the cost and efficiency of the denitrification process. Keywords Denitrification Microbial community Metagenomics Activated sludge ●
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Introduction Denitrification is a biological process widely applied in wastewater treatment (Huang et al. 2017, Lu et al. 2014) and in situ remediation (Liu et al. 2013, Sierra-Alvarez et al. 2007, Xia et al. 2016) to remove nitrate. This process could be undertaken by a variety of heterotrophic and autotrophic
Supplementary information The online version of this article (https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02307-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Lin Ye [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
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Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 210044 Nanjing, China
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microorganisms under oxygen-limiting conditions with organic and inorganic matter as electron donors, respectively. Although some archaea (Cabello et al. 2004) a
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