Metagenomic characterisation of bioaerosols during the dry season in Mexico City
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Metagenomic characterisation of bioaerosols during the dry season in Mexico City M. C. Caldero´n-Ezquerro
. N. Serrano-Silva . C. Brunner-Mendoza
Received: 19 September 2019 / Accepted: 13 June 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Air pollution in urban areas is one of the main problems because of its effects on human health and the environment. The levels of critical pollutants such as ozone and airborne particles and their impacts on human health have been widely studied, neglecting the microbiological communities present in the air, which alone or in combination with chemical contaminants can have detrimental effects on human health. In this study, we employed a metagenomic approach to characterise the bacterial and fungal communities, using 16S rRNA and the internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal RNA. The study took
Dr. Rene´ Drucker Colin for his contribution and diffusion of science and for believing in the work and capacity of Mexican scientists.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-020-09649-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
place in Mexico City during the dry season, at days with high levels of ozone and suspended particles (March 14 to 18, 2016). We found a total of 147 bacterial genera, of which the most abundant ones were Microbispora (9%), Paracoccus (6%), Exiguobacterium (6%), Kocuria (3.0%), Friedmanniella (3%), Rubellimicrobium (2%), Sphingomonas (2%) and Methylobacterium (2%). We also found a total of 211 fungal genera, mainly Cladosporium (26%), Phoma (15%), Aureobasidium (11%) and Cryptococcus (3%). Some bacterial and fungal genera reported in this study have been reported as a cause of allergic, respiratory or infectious diseases. Our findings may serve as a reference for further monitoring of pathogens present in the air during periods with high levels of ozone and airborne particles, studying their distribution patterns and evaluating the possible combined effects of those particles and pollutants as a risk factor for the health of the general population.
M. C. Caldero´n-Ezquerro (&) N. Serrano-Silva C. Brunner-Mendoza Centro de Ciencias de la Atmo´sfera, Universidad Nacional Auto´noma de Me´xico (UNAM), Circuito Exterior s/n. Coyoacan, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico e-mail: [email protected] C. Brunner-Mendoza Departamento de Microbiologı´a y Parasitologı´a, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Auto´noma de Me´xico (UNAM), Circuito Exterior s/n. Coyoaca´n, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
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Aerobiologia
Graphic abstract
Keywords Fungi Bacteria Ozone Airborne particles Air pollution Bioaerosols
1 Introduction According to the World Health Organization (WHO 2019), about 7 million premature deaths each year can be attributed to outdoor and household air pollution. Mexico City is one of the most densely populated cities in the world, with 8,985,339 inhabitants occupying an
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