Metal Ion in Stroke

This book illustrates remarkable roles of metal ions in the neuropathophysiology of stroke, which is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Metal ions have unique chemical properties that allow them to play diverse roles in the brain. They regul

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Series Editor John Zhang

For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/10064

Yang V. Li



John H. Zhang

Editors

Metal Ion in Stroke Foreword by Christopher J. Frederickson

Editors Yang V. Li Department of Biomedical Sciences Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine Ohio University Athens, OH, USA

John H. Zhang Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Neurosurgery Loma Linda University School of Medicine Loma Linda, CA, USA

ISBN 978-1-4419-9662-6 ISBN 978-1-4419-9663-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9663-3 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012933559 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Foreword

What we now call “stroke” was recognized and discussed at length by the physicians to the ancients, but it is usually the work of Virchow in the mid-nineteenth century that is cited as the beginning of the “modern” era of stroke research and theories of stroke injury mechanisms. In the case of neuronal injury and death, to this reviewer’s knowledge, the first explicit mechanist model of neuronal injury after stroke was advanced over 100 years after Virchow, in the 1970s. That first model was the “calcium influx” model of Farber (1981) who in turn (acco