Metallization of Various Polymers by Cold Spray
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Metallization of Various Polymers by Cold Spray Hanqing Che1 • Xin Chu1 • Phuong Vo2 • Stephen Yue1
Submitted: 29 July 2017 / in revised form: 20 October 2017 Ó ASM International 2017
Abstract Previous results have shown that metallic coatings can be successfully cold sprayed onto polymeric substrates. This paper studies the cold sprayability of various metal powders on different polymeric substrates. Five different substrates were used, including carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyethylenimine (PEI); mild steel was also used as a benchmark substrate. The CFRP used in this work has a thermosetting matrix, and the ABS, PEEK and PEI are all thermoplastic polymers, with different glass transition temperatures as well as a number of distinct mechanical properties. Three metal powders, tin, copper and iron, were cold sprayed with both a low-pressure system and a high-pressure system at various conditions. In general, cold spray on the thermoplastic polymers rendered more positive results than the thermosetting polymers, due to the local thermal softening mechanism in the thermoplastics. Thick copper coatings were successfully deposited on PEEK and PEI. Based on the results, a method is proposed to determine the feasibility and deposition window of cold spraying specific metal powder/polymeric substrate combinations.
This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at the 2017 International Thermal Spray Conference, held June 7-9, 2017, in Du¨sseldorf, Germany, that has been expanded from the original presentation. & Hanqing Che [email protected] 1
Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C5, Canada
2
National Research Council Canada, Boucherville J4B 6Y4, Canada
Keywords cold spray deposition window metallization of polymers polymeric substrate
Introduction Polymers and polymer matrix composites are increasingly used, but their low electrical conductivity has limited their application. Previous results at McGill University show that cold spray of metal powders onto the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) substrates is viable (Ref 1, 2). This paper presents the effect of polymeric substrates on the cold sprayability of various metal powders. Five different substrates were used in this work, including CFRP, ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), PEEK (polyether ether ketone), PEI (polyethylenimine); mild steel was also used as a benchmark substrate. It has been reported by researchers that thermoplastics and thermosets render different responses during cold spray of metallic powders (Ref 3, 4). The CFRP used in this work has a thermosetting matrix, and the ABS, PEEK and PEI are all thermoplastic polymers, with different glass transition temperatures as well as a number of distinct mechanical properties. The glass transition temperature, Tg, is a temperature region over which the reversible transition between a brittle, glasslike state (T \ Tg) and a rub
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