Metaviromic analysis reveals coinfection of papaya in western Kenya with a unique strain of Moroccan watermelon mosaic v
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Metaviromic analysis reveals coinfection of papaya in western Kenya with a unique strain of Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus and a novel member of the family Alphaflexiviridae David Alan Read1 · John Muoma2 · Genevieve Dawn Thompson1 Received: 18 December 2019 / Accepted: 5 February 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Severe mottling symptoms were observed on Carica papaya L. in Koyonzo, Kakamega County, Kenya. Total RNA was sequenced via an RNAtag-seq workflow. Assembled contigs indicated the presence of a divergent strain of Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus (genus Potyvirus) with a complete genome length of 9,733 nt (GenBank accession no. MN418119). Additionally, the complete genome sequence of a novel member of the viral genus Allexivirus was determined (GenBank accession no. MN418120). The genome contains six open reading frames (ORFs) that show varying degrees of sequence similarity to members of the genus Allexivirus; however, it appears to lack an ORF encoding a nucleic-acid-binding homolog. The tentative name “papaya virus A” (PaVA) has been proposed for this virus. The commercial production of Carica papaya L. (papaya) occurs in the eastern and coastal areas of Kenya, but it is an important subsistence crop throughout the country [1]. Approximately 10 viruses are associated with papaya [2]. Among these are papaya ringspot virus (PRSV, family Potyviridae) and papaya mosaic virus (PapMV, family Alphaflexiviridae). PRSV is the most important virus affecting papaya [3] and has a ubiquitous distribution within papaya production areas. It has been associated with the total disruption of the industry in some countries and continues to be the major limiting factor for growing the crop in many parts of the world [4]. PRSV is separated into two biotypes, namely PRSV-p and PRSV-w, both of which are able to infect cucurbit species, while only PRSV-p has been found to infect papaya [4]. Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus Handling Editor: Ioannis E. Tzanetakis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04582-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * David Alan Read [email protected] 1
Agricultural Research Council-Biotechnology Platform, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
Department of Biological Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
2
(MWMV) is another potyvirus that is closely related to PRSV [5]. Although typically associated with cucurbit infections, MWMV has a very wide host range and has been associated with papaya in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) [6] on the basis of PCR and Sanger-based sequencing, with no further reports since. PapMV has a wide distribution in Florida [7] and Mexico [8], but it is generally considered to be of low economic importance when present as single infections. PapMV and PRSV are known to occur together as dual infections, and, depending on the or
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