Method for Fabricating Arrays of Graphene Nanoribbons
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Method for Fabricating Arrays of Graphene Nanoribbons Pavel Khokhlov, Pavel Lazarev, Evgeny Morozov Carben Semicon Ltd., 385 Oyster Point Blvd., Suite 9A, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA ABSTRACT This paper discusses recent progress made in developing an advanced sp2 carbon-based materials that can be produced by wet coating as a thin layer and processed to form highly ordered arrays of Graphene Nanoribbons (GNRs) that attach to the substrate on edge with their planes parallel to each other. The fabrication method is based on carbonization of organic molecules spatially preordered in crystalline film on the substrate. This material, named Ribtan, can be used to fabricate GNRs films over large areas that exhibit a very smooth film surface and can form strong covalent bonds to the substrate. The width (film thickness) of Ribtan GNRs can be controlled precisely down to a few nanometers. We demonstrated advantage of Ribtan material for application in supercapacitors as well as feasibility for use in transparent electrodes, solid tribological coatings, and thin film transistors. INTRODUCTION Graphene has attracted considerable interest of scientific community and is viewed as a promising material for many applications [1]. Recent progress has been made in producing highquality, larger area graphene films primarily based on methods using CVD processes [2]. Although a lot of progress in making graphene has been achieved, many difficult issues remain unsolved. The main issue is the limitations in handling and integrating these graphene materials into applications. Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have been cited by many as an ideal form factor for taking advantage of graphene’s unique properties for a wide range of applications [3]. Graphene sheets are not suitable for making transistors because of their semimetallic nature which results in zero band gap in electronic energy spectrum and, hence, high off currents. Energy band gap appears in GNRs due to quantum confinement effect turning GNR into semiconductor and transistors based on GNRs have lower off currents while maintain other graphene properties such as high charge carriers mobility [4]. However, although lithographic [3, 4], chemical [5] methods and unzipping carbon nanotubes [6] were used for fabricating GNRs, reliable production of GNRs with precise thickness control remains a significant challenge. Furthermore, there are still no known techniques that allow alignment of GNRs into dense arrays. The aim of the current article is to introduce new sp2 carbon materials (Ribtan) which can solve the technological issues named above. Ribtan films are originally coated from water solutions and can be produced over large areas. The global order in molecular structure of precursor films is produced on the stage of coating and ensures ordered structure of final processed films. Polymerization between polyaromatic molecules during carbonization process leads to growth of arrays of GNRs aligned parallel to each other and perpendicular to the substrate surface. Coating from water
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