Methods for vibration diagnostics of the initial stages of damage of rotation systems
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METHODS FOR VIBRATION DIAGNOSTICS OF THE INITIAL STAGES OF DAMAGE OF ROTATION SYSTEMS І. M. Yavors’kyi,1, 2 P. P. Drabych,1 I. B. Kravets’,1, 3 and І. I. Mats’ko1
UDC 621.319:519.22
We present the main ideas of methods for early diagnostics of mechanical rotation systems based on the theory and statistics of periodically nonstationary random processes regarded as a mathematical model of signals of vibrations. New diagnostic criteria for defects are proposed, and new possibilities that they open are shown. The application of the developed methods to the early diagnostics and detection of defects of bearing units at the Dobrotvir thermal power plant is described. Keywords: periodically correlated random processes, vibration diagnostics, methods for early diagnostics, rolling-element bearings.
The operation of complex machine aggregates requires the maintenance of the reliability and technical and environmental safety of their functioning. For this reason, in the operation of these machines, attention should be given to their permanent monitoring. An efficient tool for the determination of the serviceability of elements of mechanical rotation systems is vibration diagnostics, first of all, due to the large informativeness of vibration processes, the rapid development of computer technologies, and the possibility of performing an analysis without dismantling the equipment. For many years, methods for control and diagnostics of machines and equipment using diagnostic signals of various types were based on the comparison of the amplitude of a signal and its components with limit values that separate defective and nondefective states. Control and diagnostic systems developed on the basis of these methods guarantee the extraction of informative factors from the measured signal and the recording of the moments at which they exceed limit values. Every instance of excess of thresholds is recorded as a defect whose type is determined from the collection of characteristics that exceed the thresholds prescribed for each of them [1, 2]. In modern monitoring systems, diagnostic methods are used more and more frequently not only for the identification of defects but also for the determination of the sources of changes in the state of machines that are caused by operating conditions rather than by defects. This combination of monitoring and diagnostic tasks often improves the quality of control because the diagnostic characteristics of defects change quite often as the operating mode of a machine changes. As a rule, in the course of recording of a vibration signal of a structural assembly of a complex mechanism, the character of its variation is often affected not only by the assembly but also by neighboring elements. Sometimes, the influence of interfering factors is so large that it leads to erroneous conclusions about the vibration state of the object. For this reason, the corresponding conclusion must be made on the basis of a deep analysis of vibration signals with regard for the structural features of the mechanism and with t
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