Methods of Forward Calculation of Ground Subsidence above Mines
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_____________________________ GEOMECHANICS _______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Methods of Forward Calculation of Ground Subsidence above Mines K. Ch. Kozhogulova*, D. K. Takhanovb**, A. K. Kozhasb, A. Zh. Imashevb, and M. Zh. Balpanovab a
Institute of Geomechanics and Subsoil Development, National Academy of Sciences, Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, 720052 Kyrgyz Republic *e-mail: [email protected] b Karaganda State Technical University, Karaganda, M00A1T8 Republic of Kazakhstan **e-mail: [email protected] Received September 26, 2019 Revised March 11, 2020 Accepted April 10, 2020
Abstract—The article discusses geomechanical justification of undermined ground evaluation methods. The proposed method of subsidence assessment allows analyzing influence of underground mining on ground surface in development of horizontal and flat-dipping uniform and interstratified beds with different deformability. The predictive assessment procedures for the subsidence trough profile in case of uniform and interstratified rocks are presented. Keywords: Slide curves, failure curve, subsidence trough, natural arch, loosening factor, deformation zone, pillar. DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120026637
INTRODUCTION
Undermined ground subsidence prediction is an urgent problem of mineral resources development, which is associated with the negative impact of displacement on the undermined buildings, structures, utilities and natural objects. This problem has become the most critical in the last decade due to extraction of mineral reserves from safety pillars, as well as due to ongoing room-and-pillar mining when mineral losses reach 20–30% and sometimes 40% (Zhezkazgan, Sayak, and Zhomart deposits). At present, the Zhezkazgan deposit has a difficult geomechanical situation: about 240 million m3 of ore has been excavated within the 90-year mining period, the main volumes being mined by a room-and-pillar system, with the support of ground surface by ore pillars and the accumulation of voids. The voids were not filled due to the overhead caving or backfilling of the mined-out space. During the mining, ground surface above the worked-out space is densely built up. Preservation from the overhead caving is expected from the room-and-pillar system. Of the various forms of rock pressure manifestation during mining of mineral deposits by a room-andpillar system, the most dangerous include caving of the overlying rock strata, since buildings, industrial structures and utilities are located on the surface. During the long-term exploitation of deposits, the reconstruction of old and construction of new structures and utilities, which cannot be completely located on an undermined ground surface, are constantly required. 184
METHODS OF FORWARD CALCULATION OF GROUND SUBSIDENCE ABOVE MINES
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The ground displacement du
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