Performance improvement of sacrificial anode cathodic protection system for above ground storage tank
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Performance improvement of sacrificial anode cathodic protection system for above ground storage tank Muhammad N. Jawad1 · Ghafour Amouzad Mahdiraji1 · Mohammad Taghi Hajibeigy1 Received: 5 December 2019 / Accepted: 2 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020 OPEN
Abstract This study presents a controlled sacrificial anode (magnesium anodes) cathodic protection system for aboveground storage tanks. The proposed method is able to control the anode’s current, which leads to enhance the performance of anodes, therefore, increase the anode’s lifetime. The proposed system has been implemented in a laboratory-based tank contains saline water (5661 ppm). In this experiment, the overprotection and anode energy loss were eliminated, and the anodes lifetime has been extended 35.55 times higher compared to the conventional system. The proposed method reduced the protection current and stabilized the system overall. Keywords Corrosion · Corrosion control system · Cathodic protection · Anode current control · Petroleum tank · Sacrificial anodes
1 Introduction The corrosion process is an oxidation–reduction reaction concept where electrons are removed from a metal surface and replace them with oxygen from the surrounding environment [1, 2]. The conventional method to prevent metal corrosion is by coating or painting the surface of the metal. Corrosion causes waste of valuable resources, loss or impurity of productivity, efficiency, reduction, and often plant shutdowns. The corrosion can also inhibit technological progress and jeopardize safety. In corrosion control of metallic structures, the main issue with the conventional sacrificial anode system is the excessive, uncontrollable current flow by the anodes, which leads to high current flow to the storage tank and causing overprotection, coating defect, and short anode’s lifetime. The coating method is widely used to isolate the metals from contact with the surrounding electrolytes, such as water and soil. However, the coating cannot provide full protection; thereby, corrosion will take place at the breaks in the coating [3]. The cathodic protection (CP) is one of
the most effective and economical technique to prevent structural corrosion by making the metal surface as a cathode of an electrochemical cell [4]. The cathodic protection system can be applied to any metallic structure such as tanks, buried pipelines, ships, marine’s jetties, and any metals that have contact with electrolytes such as soil or water [5]. The CP system can be performed either by injecting current cathodic protection (ICCP) or sacrificial anode (SA) [6]. The ICCP system requires an external DC power source that is connected to the structure by using particular types of anodes, while CP with SA does not require any external power source. The former one is more suitable for the protection of larger structures like long pipe systems, while the latter one is more suitable for the protection of smaller structures such as tanks [7], which is the interest of this study. The sacrificial anode is a metal that ha
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