Micro-scaled Quantitative Method to Analyze Olive Oil Polyphenols
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Micro-scaled Quantitative Method to Analyze Olive Oil Polyphenols Giovanni Caprioli 1 & Maria Chiara Boarelli 2 & Massimo Ricciutelli 3 & Gianni Sagratini 1 & Dennis Fiorini 2 Received: 21 September 2018 / Accepted: 7 January 2019 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract This study aims to improve an analytical method to quantify phenolic substances in olive oil. In order to minimize time required and quantity of solvents, sample extract preparation performed for a previously developed high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector to quantify olive oil polyphenols has been ten times downscaled and then validated. The new method performs the extraction of phenolic substances from 0.5 g of oil and allows to quantify the phenolic acids vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid; the phenolic alcohols tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol; secoiridoid derivatives; the lignans pinoresinol and acetoxypinoresinol; and the flavonoids luteolin and apigenin. Recoveries obtained were 66–89% for phenolic alcohols, 64–90% for phenolic acids, 93–96% for oleuropein (used as a reference for secoiridoid derivatives), 71–95% for flavonoids, and 97–100% for lignans. The total quantity of organic solvents used in the sample preparation is decreased from 30 to 3 mL with an important abatement of waste, costs, and working time requested. Keywords Olive oil polyphenols . Quantitative determination . HPLC-DAD . Secoiridoid derivatives . Green method
Introduction Olive oil phenolic substances have been recognized to have a key role in determining oil quality. Furthermore, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has allowed the acknowledgement of a health claim on olive oil polyphenols. Thus, there is a great interest, both of the producer, of the consumer, and in organisms demanded to the official analytical control, in knowing the content of polyphenols found in an olive oil, and especially in the phenolic substances allowing the acknowledgement of the health claim, that are Bhydroxytyrosol and its derivatives, e.g., oleuropein complex and tyrosol^ (EU 2012). There are several methods available in literature to perform this analysis (e.g., Carrasco-Pancorbo et al. 2005; Franco et al. 2014; Capriotti et al. 2014; Flores et al. 2012; Suárez et al. 2008; Caporaso et al. 2015; Bayram et al. 2012; Bakhouche et al. 2013; Bendini et al. 2007) starting from * Dennis Fiorini [email protected]
which we developed a new method allowing the analysis of these substances, and other minor phenolic substances, like phenolic acids, flavonoids, and lignans, obtaining some improvements mainly in terms of chromatographic separation (Ricciutelli et al. 2017), making use of a reverse-phase analytical column never used before in this application, the Synergi Polar (4 μm, 80 Å, 250 × 4.6 mm). The application of this method to process a high number of samples led us to the idea of downscaling the quantities of sample and solvents used, in order to have an abatement first of all in terms of time requested to
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