Microbial Ecosystems in Central Andes Extreme Environments Biofilms,
The Central Andean Altiplane represents a unique extreme environment due to its high altitude, closed basins that modulate the salt pans and saline wetlands surrounded by deserts, as well as the considerable influence of volcanic activity. UV radiation, a
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bial Ecosystems in Central Andes Extreme Environments Biofilms, Microbial Mats, Microbialites and Endoevaporites
Microbial Ecosystems in Central Andes Extreme Environments
María Eugenia Farías Editor
Microbial Ecosystems in Central Andes Extreme Environments Biofilms, Microbial Mats, Microbialites and Endoevaporites
Editor María Eugenia Farías LIMLA-PROIMI-CONICET Tucuman, Argentina
ISBN 978-3-030-36191-4 ISBN 978-3-030-36192-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36192-1 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
The Central Andean Altiplane, named Altiplane, (Bolivia and Peru), Atacama (Chile) or Puna (Argentine), represents a unique extreme environment since its locations are in high-altitude, closed basins that modulate salars and saline wetlands surrounded by deserts, largely influenced by volcanic activity. UV radiation, arsenic content, high salinity, alkalinity, and low dissolved oxygen content, together with extreme daily temperature fluctuations and oligotrophic conditions, shape an environment that recreates the early Earth and, even more, extraterrestrial conditions. The discovery of living microbialites and microbial mats in 2009 has increased the interest in this area as an early Earth counterpart. Extreme microbial ecosystems thrive in different central Andean environments, such as salars, wetlands, lakes, volcanoes, hydrothermal vents, geysers, and desert soils. In this book we present the state of knowledge of these amazing ecosystems as a basis of their integral protection. The book is divided into chapters grouped into parts per environments and their main microbial ecosystems. The first part (Part I) incl
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