Microbial electrolysis cells and microbial fuel cells for biohydrogen production: current advances and emerging challeng
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Microbial electrolysis cells and microbial fuel cells for biohydrogen production: current advances and emerging challenges A. Saravanan 1 & S. Karishma 1 & P. Senthil Kumar 2 & P. R. Yaashikaa 2 & S. Jeevanantham 1 & B. Gayathri 1 Received: 11 June 2020 / Revised: 14 August 2020 / Accepted: 19 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Microbial fuel cells (MFC) and microbial electrolysis cells (MEC) are developing as sustainable power source technologies that can be utilized for feasible wastewater treatment and hydrogen production. Hydrogen gas has immense potential as an ecologically adequate energy carrier for vehicles. MFC is bioelectrochemical process that utilize microorganism as the impetuses to oxidize organic and inorganic matter and create electricity, whereas MEC are a reactor for biohydrogen production by combining MFC and electrolysis. MEC and MFC have been the cleanest, eco-friendly, and efficient method for biohydrogen production. The basic mechanism and thermodynamic principles involved in the production of hydrogen have been discussed in brief. Effective factors influencing H2 production such as microbial population, electrodes, membrane, and substrate were elaborated and recent advances in the factors have been explored for the better understanding of developing MFC and MEC technologybased hydrogen generation. This review completes a brief outline of topical advances in the MFC, MEC setup, and different operational parameters which influencing hydrogen production (ionic strength, applied voltage, organic loading, and hydraulic retention time). The review describes the current challenges involved in the technology used and provides effective future perspectives for overcoming the limitations. Keywords Biohydrogen . Microbial fuel cells . Microbial electrolysis cells . Microbial population . Operational parameters
1 Introduction Immense increase in universal demand for energy requirement has been observed in recent days. Depleting fossil fuel reserves, high-cost fluctuations, and consequential environmental effects have urged the need for alternative energy resources development. With reference to high efficiency, easy production, and pollution-free operation, biofuels are considered to be prospective and sustainable energy choice [1–3]. Among various biofuels, biohydrogen has acquired greater attention owing to zero greenhouse gas emissions relative to other fuels. Moreover, rapid growth of microorganisms in bioreactors with less environmental prerequisites and less energy
* P. Senthil Kumar [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai 602105, India
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai 603110, India
requirement has made biohydrogen production a renewable and eco-friendly technique [4–6]. Biohydrogen is a characteristic and short-lived product of different microbial-driven biochemical reactions. The pr
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