Protonic ceramic electrolysis cells for fuel production: a brief review
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Protonic ceramic electrolysis cells for fuel production: a brief review Ho‑Il Ji1,2 · Jong‑Ho Lee1,2 · Ji‑Won Son1,3 · Kyung Joong Yoon1,4 · Sungeun Yang1 · Byung‑Kook Kim1 Received: 2 April 2020 / Revised: 6 May 2020 / Accepted: 12 May 2020 © The Korean Ceramic Society 2020
Abstract Proton-conducting oxides exhibit significant hydrogen ion (proton) conductivity at intermediate temperatures around 300– 600 °C. Owing to their distinguished features compared to high-temperature oxygen ion-conducting oxide electrolytes and low-temperature proton-conducting polymer electrolytes, diverse electrochemical applications based on the proton-conducting oxides have attracted great attention for efficient energy conversions. This review particularly aims to introduce protonic ceramic electrolysis cells (PCECs) and their extended applications. The constituent materials, recent developments, remaining issues in PCECs as well as the application integrated with PCEC for electrochemical ammonia synthesis will be presented. In addition, for each section, the relevant prospects and recommendations for future research directions will be discussed. Keywords Proton-conducting oxide · PCEC · Electrochemical device · Hydrogen · Ammonia
1 Introduction Countries around the world are implementing energy policies that increase the share of renewable energy to reduce emission of greenhouse gases [1]. South Korea has established a “Renewable Energy 3020 Implementation Plan” to achieve 20% of the share of renewable energy in total electricity by 2030 [2], and the European Union has set a goal to increase the share of renewable energy to 75% by 2050 [3]. France is currently implementing the “Jupiter 1000” project, which has a target of producing hydrogen using MW-class electrolyzers integrated with renewable energy sources, and transports through piping [4]. The USA is working on a “Wind2H2” project that produces hydrogen from DOEsponsored wind power and supplies it through a natural gas * Ho‑Il Ji [email protected] 1
Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
2
Nanomaterials Science and Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), KIST Campus, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
3
KU‑KIST Graduate School of Energy and Environment (Green School), Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
4
Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
network [5]. As described above, as the spread of renewable energy increases worldwide, large-capacity energy storage systems for reducing the gap between electric power demand and supply by time and season are highly required. However, since the production of renewable energy depends on nature, the fluctuation of power production is very severe due to the variant availability of resources according to time, weather, and region, making it difficult to predict the amount as well as the time of power production. If the supply of renewable
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