Microbial Source of Fibrinolytic Protease and Its Biotechnological Potential
Many fibrinolytic proteases are isolated and purified from various sources. These fibrinolytic proteases have biotechnological applications to treat cardiovascular diseases. Fibrinolytic enzyme, Actinokinase is isolated and produced from thermophilic Stre
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Abstract Many fibrinolytic proteases are isolated and purified from various sources. These fibrinolytic proteases have biotechnological applications to treat cardiovascular diseases. Fibrinolytic enzyme, Actinokinase is isolated and produced from thermophilic Streptomyces megasporus SD5. The fibrinolytic enzyme is serine endopeptidase. The proteolytic enzyme which acts on different substrates casein, azocasein, fibrin etc. Enzyme is plasminogen independent. Some of these properties are studied & summarized for isolated fibrinolytic protease. Various fibrinolytic proteases also isolated from different resources and their biochemical characterization is reported in the literatures. In general proteases are also used in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and environmental industry. Overall all proteases have been used for application prospectives. There are many fibrinolytic proteases discovered till todate. These agents need to check thoroughly to their biochemical properties and substrate base catalysis. Therefore microbial fibrinolytic proteases are used for therapeutic approach of medical interest. The diverse microbial population produces the fibrinolytic proteases. The properties of fibrinolytic enzymes are described in different literatures. Many reported fibrinolytic enzymes are plasminogen activator and some are fibrin specific in nature. These enzymes had drawbacks such as bleeding complications, haemorragic in nature and expensive in nature. So search of new fibrinolytic proteases is still in continued for better molecule. Keywords Microbial enzymes • Fibrinolytic protease • Thrombolytic • Actinokinase
R.R. Chitte (*) Microbial Sciences Division, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, MS 411 004, India e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] S. Chakraborti and N.S. Dhalla (eds.), Proteases in Health and Disease, Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease 7, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-9233-7_6, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
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Introduction
Proteases are important enzymes which contribute significant part of the world enzyme production [1]. Microbial cells which were isolated from various places in environment and reported for their biotechnological potential for producers of proteases, also produce different types of proteases which are used for various industrial applications. They are useful in food, pharmaceutical and environmental industry [2]. Some proteases act on different substrates and convert into the products which are useful for food and fodder applications. The Chitte et al. [3] studies on partial characterization of keratinase enzyme acts on different substrates and releases the useful amino acids. These types of proteases are useful in poultry feather removal and could be useful for application point of view. Microbial sp. have been studied for their enzyme biocatalytic potential in various fields. Now enzyme base diagnostic kits are also useful in various commercial uses. These are used in fermentation as a sensor as
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