Microclimate and soil and water loss in shaded and unshaded agroforestry coffee systems
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Microclimate and soil and water loss in shaded and unshaded agroforestry coffee systems Anoˆr Fiorini de Carvalho . Elpı´dio Ina´cio Fernandes-Filho . Mayara Daher . Lucas de Carvalho Gomes . Irene Maria Cardoso . Raphael Braganc¸a Alves Fernandes . Carlos E. G. R. Schaefer
Received: 17 September 2019 / Accepted: 30 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The agroforestry systems are a potential pathway to improve soil quality and protect against extreme temperatures that negatively impact coffee growth. However, more studies about the effects of inclusion of tree elements in coffee systems soil and water loss dynamics are needed. This study aimed to understand how the inclusion of trees influences the microclimate and soil and water loss in shaded compared with unshaded coffee systems. Two pluviometers, one in shaded and the other in unshaded area, were installed to record hourly data from August 2009 to June 2010. Soil temperature and moisture were monitored by a system of sensors: air temperature, soil temperature at 10 cm depth, and soil moisture at 10, 30 and 100 cm depths, recording data at hourly intervals from August 2009 to June 2010. The surface water runoff and soil mass lost by laminar erosion were measured using collectors. Air temperature under shaded conditions had less variation than under unshaded conditions and lower maximum temperatures. Soil and water loss of both systems were small due to the high soil cover. Our results indicate that the water loss was higher in the unshaded area (338 L ha-1) during the study period compared
A. F. de Carvalho E. I. Fernandes-Filho M. Daher (&) L. C. Gomes I. M. Cardoso R. B. A. Fernandes C. E. G. R. Schaefer Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Vic¸osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil e-mail: [email protected]
with the shaded system (150 L ha-1). Soil temperature was lower under shaded conditions and there was water absorption complementarity between coffee and trees in shaded area. Soil moisture of shaded area was lower than unshaded area for all depths in all monitored period. Therefore, the shaded agroforestry coffee systems improve microclimate conditions and deep water drainage compared with unshaded coffee systems. Keywords Brazilian soils Climate change Coffee plantations Tropical conditions Soil water availability Soil conservation Tropical conditions
Introduction Climate change represents an immediate and unprecedented threat to agriculture (Jaramillo et al. 2009). The future crop production in certain regions is at risk due to increasing competition for water and more frequent of temperature extremes (Rosenzweig et al. 2004). Although intensive agricultural activities at large scales increased the food production in the last decades, it also promoted a depletion of natural resources (Hurni et al. 2015), increasing the risk of severe consequences for the global climate regulation. The conversion from natural vegetation to agricultural systems, as coffee crop, has largely contri
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