Microfloral and faunal interactions in natural and agro-ecosystems

MYRON J. MITCHELL* The biota of soils constitute an integral part of both natural and agronomic ecosystems. The soil microflora and fauna in conjunction with the belowground portion of the Metaphyta or higher plants constitute the living milieu, component

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DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOGEOCHEMISTRY

CJM Kramer and JC Duinker, eds: Complexation of Trace Metals in Natural Waters. 1984. ISBN 90-247-2973-4 EM Thurman: Organic Geochemistry of Natural Waters. 1985. ISBN 90-247-3143-7 MJ Mitchell and JP Nakas, eds: Microfloral and Faunal Interactions in Natural and AgroEcosystems. 1986. ISBN 90-247-3246-8

Microfloral and faunal interactions in natural and agro-ecosystems edited by

MYRON J. MITCHELL and JAMES P. NAKAS State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse, New York, USA

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1986 MARTINUS NIJHOFF IDR W. JUNK PUBLISHERS .... a member of the KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS GROUP

DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LANCASTER

Distributors

for the United States and Canada: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 190 Old Derby Street, Hingham, MA 02043, USA for the UK and Ireland: Kluwer Academic Publishers, MTP Press Limited, Falcon House, Queen- Square, Lancaster LAI lRN, UK for all other countries: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Distribution Center, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Microfloral and faunal interactions in natural and agro-ecosystems. (Developments in biogeochemistry) Includes index. 1. Soil ecology. 2. Biogeochemical cycles. 3. Microbial ecology. 4. Agricultural ecology. I. Mitchell, Myron J. II. Nakas, James P. III. Series. QH541.5.S6M53 1986 574.5'26404 85-21768

ISBN-13: 978-94-010-8789-6 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-5173-0

e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-5173-0

Copyright © 1986 by Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1986 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers, Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk Publishers, P.O. Box 163, 3300 AD Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

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CONTENTS

1.

Introduction by MJ. Mitchell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.

Nutrient cycling and decompoisition in natural terrestrial ecosystems by O.W. Heal and J. Dighton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

14

Decomposition and nutrient cycling in agro-ecosystems by N.G. Juma and W.B. McGill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

74

3. 4.

Biodegradation of organic residues in soil by R.G. Burns and J.P. Martin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 137

5.

Root and soil microbial interactions which influence the availability of photoassimilate carbon in the rhizosphere by A.J.M. Smucker and G.R. Safrr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 203

6.

The role of microorganisms in the soil nitrogen cycle by M.S. Smith and C.W. Rice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 245

7.

Role of micro flora in terrestrial sulfur cycling by J.P. Nakas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 285

8.

The role of microfloral and faunal interactions in af