Microglia in depression: current perspectives
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-020-1815-6
•REVIEW•
Microglia in depression: current perspectives 1,2
2,3,7*
Xiaoning Jia , Zhihua Gao
1,2,3,4,5,6*
& Hailan Hu
1
2
Department of Psychiatry of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou 310012, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; 4 Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou 510515, China; 5 Fountain-Valley Institute for Life Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; 6 Research Units of Brain Mechanisms Underlying Emotion and Emotion disorders, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 3
Beijing 100730, China; Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,
7
Hangzhou 310009, China Received June 26, 2020; accepted September 9, 2020; published online October 14, 2020
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric disease that involves malfunctions of different cell types in the brain. Accumulating studies started to reveal that microglia, the primary resident immune cells, play an important role in the development and progression of depression. Microglia respond to stress-triggered neuroinflammation, and through the release of proinflammatory cytokines and their metabolic products, microglia may modulate the function of neurons and astrocytes to regulate depression. In this review, we focused on the role of microglia in the etiology of depression. We discussed the dynamic states of microglia; the correlative and causal evidence of microglial abnormalities in depression; possible mechanisms of how microglia sense depression-related stress and modulate depression state; and how antidepressive therapies affect microglia. Understanding the role of microglia in depression may shed light on developing new treatment strategies to fight against this devastating mental illness. depression, microglia, microglial activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine, anti-inflammatory cytokine, antidepressant, ketamine Citation:
Jia, X., Gao, Z., and Hu, H. (2020). Microglia in depression: current perspectives. Sci China Life Sci 63, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-020-1815-6
Introduction Major depressive disorder (MDD) is affecting more than 300 million people world-wide, and has become the world’s leading cause of disability since 2017, according to World Health Organization. Unfortunately, due to its complexity and heterogeneity, the etiology and pathophysiology of depression are still not clearly understood. And there is a huge unmet clinical need for effective treatments for this prevalent *Corresponding authors (Zhihua Gao, email: [email protected]; Hailan Hu, email: [email protected])
and devastating disease. Theories regarding the pathop
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