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e Brazilian Microbiome Current Status and Perspectives

The Brazilian Microbiome

Victor Pylro  •  Luiz Roesch Editors

The Brazilian Microbiome Current Status and Perspectives

Editors Victor Pylro Soil Microbiology Laboratory – Department of Soil Science “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo – ESALQ/USP Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

Luiz Roesch Interdisciplinary Centre for Biotechnology Research (CIP-Biotec) Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA) São Gabriel, RS, Brazil

ISBN 978-3-319-59995-3    ISBN 978-3-319-59997-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-59997-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017948867 © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Preface

The relationship between humans and microbes has attracted our interest since the creation of the first single-lens microscope by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek and the discovery of tiny living beings, which he called “animalcules” (now known as microbes/microorganisms) in 1674. For the past 100 years we have been trying to remove microbes from our lives, as they have been closely associated with diseases. However, we are starting to realize that some microbes are fundamental to our health and to the maintenance of environmental homeostasis. Our thoughts about how to deal with microbes are changing in an unprecedented way. In recent years intriguing works revealing the multiple facets of microbial life have flooded the scientific literature. Thanks to new molecular tools, mainly those based on nextgeneration sequencing, new evidence of microbial interactions has been revealed in several environments and hosts. Our ability to d