Microscopic and chemical evaluation of the filling quality of five obturation techniques in oval-shaped root canals
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Microscopic and chemical evaluation of the filling quality of five obturation techniques in oval-shaped root canals Davide Mancino 1,2 & Naji Kharouf 1,2 & Mauro Cabiddu 3 & Frédéric Bukiet 4,5
&
Youssef Haïkel 1,2
Received: 30 July 2020 / Accepted: 23 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the filling quality of five obturation techniques in oval-shaped root canals. Materials and methods A total of 212 mandibular first molars with one distal oval canal were selected. Distal canals, shaped with WaveOne Gold Primary, were randomly divided in five groups (n = 40) for obturation: continuous wave condensation, GuttaCore, Thermafil, single cone with AH plus, and single cone with BioRoot RCS. The proportions of gutta-percha-filled areas (GPFA), sealer-filled areas (SFA), void areas (VA), and the sealer/gutta tags into dentinal tubules at 4 mm and 2 mm from the apex were analyzed by an optical numeric microscope, SEM, and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). Data were then compared by Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA on ranks (α = 0.05). Results At 4 mm, a statistically significant higher GPFA and lower SFA were observed in the GuttaCore and Thermafil groups compared with the 3 other groups. A statistically significant lower VA was observed in the continuous wave condensation, GuttaCore, and Thermafil groups than in the two single-cone groups. At 2 mm, there were a statistically significant higher GPFA and lower SFA and VA in GuttaCore and Thermafil groups than in the 3 other groups. At the two levels investigated, the presence of gutta-percha tags was clearly demonstrated for GuttaCore and Thermafil groups; no tags were observed in the 3 other groups. Conclusions Obturation quality was overall improved in GuttaCore and Thermafil groups. Clinical relevance Carrier-based techniques may significantly improve the filling quality compared to continuous wave condensation and single-cone technique. The single-cone technique might have inherent limitations especially in oval root canals regardless of the sealer used. Keywords Filling quality . Gutta-percha tags . Root canal . Void areas
Introduction A successful endodontic treatment depends on appropriate access cavity preparation, shaping, cleaning/disinfection, and
* Frédéric Bukiet [email protected] 1
Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
2
Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
3
Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
4
CNRS, ISM, Inst Movement Sci, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
5
Service d’Odontologie, APHM, Hôpital Timone, Marseille, France
tridimensional filling of the root canal space [1]. To date, there is no clear evidence to support any particular filling technique over another [2, 3] and the role of th
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