Microscopic Research on the Olfactory Organ of the Blue Spotted Mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris , Compared to a
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Article pISSN 1738-5261 eISSN 2005-7172
Microscopic Research on the Olfactory Organ of the Blue Spotted Mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris, Compared to a Related Sympatric Mudskipper Hyun Tae Kim and Jong Young Park* Department of Biological Science and Institute for Biodiversity Research, College of Natural Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea Received 25 May 8 2020; Revised 23 July 2020; Accepted 18 August 2020 © KSO, KIOST and Springer 2020
Abstract − Anatomical, histological, and histochemical investigations on the olfactory organ of the great blue spotted mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris were conducted using a stereo microscope, light microscope, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. Analysis showed that B. pectinirostris has 1) a downward tubular anterior nostril, 2) slit posterior nostril, 3) ethmoidal and lacrimal accessory nasal sacs, 4) a continuous type of SE distribution, 5) olfactory receptor neuron cilia three to four times longer than the diameter of the knob, 6) a surface of supporting cells with long cilia, 7) a specific-histochemistry of mucous cell, and 8) cylindrical and large ion-exchanging cells with numerous mitochondria. Among these characteristics, some (3~8) show clear differences in comparison to the sympatric mudskipper, Periophthalmus modestus. Such differences of the olfactory organ may reflect adaptive responses to aerial exposure and microhabitat for amphibious life. Also, the olfactory organ is considered a morphological differentiating characteristic, at least in the subfamily Oxudercinae. Keywords − olfactory organ, amphibious life, microhabitat, adaptive response, the subfamily Oxudercinae
1. Introduction In fish, the olfactory organ has great importance in determining the chemical nature of the external environment, which is related to i) feeding behavior (Atta 2013), ii) predator avoidance (McCormick and Manassa 2008), iii) recognition of reproductive pheromones (Stacey et al. 1986), iv) migration during spawning season (Vrieze et al. 2010), and v) choice of microhabitat (Nangelkerken et al. 2008). The olfactory organ of almost fully aquatic fishes commonly possesses folded lamellae showing specific differentiations in number, size, and morphology *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
(Yamamoto 1982). However, mudskippers, an amphibious lifeform that includes water and air periodically in the intertidal zone, have an olfactory structure with a tubular nostril, an elongated olfactory canal (OC), and nasal sacs, lacking folded lamellae (Kuciel et al. 2011, 2013). The intertidal mudflat of the Korean peninsula is inhabited by four amphibious mudskippers, Periophthalmus modestus, P. magnuspinnatus, Boleophthalmus pectinirostris, and Scartelaos gigas (Kim and Park 2002). The amphibious fish show terrestrial adaptation to tolerate desiccative stress and thermal imbalance caused by aerial exposure following water loss due to the tidal cycles (Ishimatsu 2017)
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