Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of TIG-Welded API 5L X60 HSLA Steel and AISI 310S Stainless S
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DUCTION
DISSIMILAR materials welding (DMW) is often used where a transition in mechanical properties and performance in service is required. Because of several benefits including reduction in material costs and improvements in design flexibility, DMW has increasingly been considered in oil, gas, chemical, petrochemical, nuclear, power generation, and other industries during the past two decades.[1–3] Almost in all industries, components operate in different service conditions and hence appropriate materials should be used for these components.[4] Usually, the parts subjected to lower temperatures, are made up of low-alloy steels, and those exposed to higher temperatures are constructed by heat-resistant alloys. For example, in the power generation industries, austenitic stainless steel pipes are often used to contain high-temperature steam; however, below a certain temperature and pressure, carbon or low-alloy steels perform adequately and a transition from stainless to other steels is often used for economic purposes. AISI 310 austenitic stainless steel is one of the most important engineering materials used at high-temperature severe
A.H. SAEDI, E. HAJJARI, and S. MOHSEN SADROSSADAT are with the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. Contact e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript submitted December 19, 2017.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
conditions. Due to the high levels of nickel and chromium in the chemical composition, this alloy shows great resistance to oxidation and in some applications can be an attractive alternative for more expensive superalloys.[5,6] API 5L X60 high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel is one of the typical materials used widely in onshore and offshore oil and gas pipelines requiring critical service and high performance. This grade of API steels is strengthened by adding a small percentage of ‘‘Ti, V, and Nb’’ elements. Low amounts of alloy elements in the chemical composition make the manufacturing of these steels highly economical. On the other hand, the small amount of carbon equivalent makes this grade of steels to have a good weldability.[7] Economically, it is cost-effective to use low-alloyed steels rather than stainless steels. Therefore, in many cases, such as desalting and gas sweetening units in the oil and gas pipelines, this type of joining is inevitable. In dissimilar welding, the filler metal should be easily alloyed with the base metal in order to make a strong and suitable weld metal. Hence, selecting appropriate filler metals for the welding of dissimilar steels is one of the most important issues that can determine the joint properties. Researchers have used different filler metals for dissimilar joining of various steels. Fallatah et al.[4] have evaluated the dissimilar welds between 316 austenitic stainless steel and API 5L X60 low-alloy steel using two filler metals, namely, E309 and Inconel 182, at three different preheat temperatures. The results showed that the 400°F preheat tem
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