Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Behavior of a Hot-Rolled High-Manganese Dual-Phase Transformation-Induced Plasti
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high-manganese Fe-Mn-C alloys with low stacking fault energy (SFE) may exhibit either the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) or twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP), or both, phenomenon through adjusting alloying elements such as Mn, Al, and Si.[1–3] These alloys are currently being developed as potential candidates for automobile applications. The TRIP/TWIP steel combines the advantages of higher strength due to the TRIP effect and better ductility due to the TWIP effect and, consequently, exhibits unique comprehensive mechanical properties. Because of these
LIMING FU, MOKUN SHAN, and AIDANG SHAN are with the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China. Contact e-mails: [email protected] and [email protected] DAODA ZHANG is with the Jiangxi Mechanical Science Institute, 125 Dinggong Road, Nanchang, 330002, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China. HUANRONG WANG and WEI WANG are with the Baosteel Research Institute, 889 Fujin Road, Shanghai 201900, P.R. China. Manuscript submitted October 4, 2016. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
characteristics, it has been the subject of great scientific and technological interest.[1,4–9] The appearance of the obvious yield point and formation of the Lu¨ders bands during the early stage of deformation is a well-known phenomenon in many low-carbon steels.[10–12] This deformation behavior has been explained by the Cottrel–Billy theory, which is related to the interaction between dislocations and the atmosphere of interstitial atoms, such as C, N, and B, in steels.[10] Moreover, a Lu¨ders-like ‘‘yield’’ phenomenon (LLYP), which shows tensile curve shapes similar to those of the conventional Lu¨ders-like phenomenon but has an essentially different deformation mechanism, has been observed in the intermetallic alloy,[13] the NiTi shape memory alloy,[14–16] the magnesium alloy,[17] and the intercritically annealed cold rolling TRIP steels.[11,18–20] Their mechanisms are attributed to the dynamic pileup of dislocations at the grain boundaries, martensite growth, deformation twinning, and stability of the retained austenite, respectively. It was found that the strain-stress curves of a number of austenitic stainless steels also display the characteristics of the LLYP when deformed at cryogenic temperatures.[21–23] It has been proven that this kind of Lu¨ders-like behavior
is directly associated with the metastable austenite to stain-induced martensite (SIM) transformation.[21,22] In contrast, rather limited works are focused on the study of the yielding behavior in high-manganese steels. High-manganese TRIP/TWIP steel is actually a metastable material at RT, because the strain-induced transformation often takes place in the initial stage of the plastic deformation when macrostrains are applied.[7] In this article, we studied a special type of LLYP with great plastic instability and large yielding strain in the early stage of plastic deformation during the macroscopic tensile tests in a high-manganese dual-pha
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