Mild-cold water swimming does not exacerbate white adipose tissue browning and brown adipose tissue activation in mice
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Mild-cold water swimming does not exacerbate white adipose tissue browning and brown adipose tissue activation in mice Jhonattan Toniatto da Silva 1 & Paola Sanches Cella 1 & Mayra Tardelli de Jesus Testa 1 & Luiz Augusto Perandini 1,2 & William T. Festuccia 2 & Rafael Deminice 1 & Patricia Chimin 1 Received: 6 September 2019 / Accepted: 6 October 2020 # University of Navarra 2020
Abstract The present study investigated the effects of swimming physical training either thermoneutral or below thermoneutral water temperature on white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissue metabolism, morphology, and function. C57BL/6J male mice (n = 40; weight 25.3 ± 0.1 g) were divided into control (CT30), cold control (CT20), trained (TR30), and cold trained (TR20) groups. Swimming training consisted of 30-min exercise at 30°C (control) or 20°C (cold) water temperature. After 8-week training, adipose tissues were excised and inguinal (ingWAT) and BAT were processed for histology, lipolysis, and protein contents of total OXPHOS, PGC1α, and UCP1 by western blotting analysis. Swimming training reduced body weight gain independently of water temperature (P < 0.05). ingWAT mass was decreased for TR30 in comparison to other groups (P < 0.05), while for BAT, there was a significant increase in CT20 in relation to CT30, and both trained groups were significantly increased in relation to control groups (P < 0.05). ingWAT mean adipocyte area was smaller for trained groups, and seemed to present multilocular adipocytes. Lipolytic activity and protein content of UCP1, PGC1α, and mitochondrial markers were increased in trained groups for ingWAT (P < 0.05), independent of water temperature (P > 0.05), and these patterns were not observed for BAT (P > 0.05). Our findings suggest that mild-cold water exposure and swimming physical exercise seem to, independently, promote browning in ingWAT with no effects on BAT; however, the association of exercise and mild-cold water did not exacerbate these effects. Keywords Cold exposure . Exercise training . Physical exercise . Thermogenesis . UCP1
Introduction In mammals, two different types of adipose tissues are found, named as white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissues. WAT that is divided into subcutaneous and visceral depots is a multifunctional organ that plays important roles in energy storage and supply, mechanical protection, thermic isolation, Key points Swimming training increases thermogenesis of ingWAT independently of mild-cold water. ingWAT is more responsive than BAT to mild-cold swimming training. * Patricia Chimin [email protected] 1
Department of Physical Education, Physical Education and Sports Center, Londrina State University – UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, Cx Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil
2
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, Brazil
and in the regulation of several body processes through the production and secretion of adipokines [24,
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