Military Operations Research Quantitative Decision Making
Operations Research (OR) emerged in an effort to improve the effectiveness of newly inducted weapons and equipment during World War II. While rapid growth ofOR led to its becoming an important aid to decision making in all sectors including defense, its c
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INTERNATIONAL SERIES IN OPERATIONS RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
Frederick S. Hillier, Series Editor Department of Operations Research Stanford University Stanford, California
Saigal, Romesh The University of Michigan LINEAR PROGRAMMING: A Modern Integrated Analysis Nagurney, Annal Zhang, Ding University of Massachusetts @ Amherst PROJECTED DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS AND VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES WITH APPLICATIONS Padberg, Manfredi Rijal, Minendra P. New York University LOCATION, SCHEDULING, DESIGN AND INTEGER PROGRAMMING Vanderbei, Robert J. Princeton University LINEAR PROGRAMMING: Foundations and Extensions
MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH : Quantitative Decision Making
N. K. JAISWAL
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jaiswal, N. K. Military operations research : quantitative decision making / N. K. Jaiswal. p. cm. -- (International series in operations research & management science ; 5) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4613-7880-8 ISBN 978-1-4615-6275-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-6275-7 1. Military art and science--Decision making--Mathematical models. 2. Operations research. 1. Title. II. Series. VI 04.134 1997 355.4--dc21 96-53961 CIP
Copyright © 1997 by Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1997 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1997 AII rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Printed an acid-free paper.
CONTENTS Preface
ix
Acknowledgments
xi
1
OPERATIONS RESEARCH IN DEFENSE
1
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
The Need for Operations Research in Defense The Birth of OR Military OR Methodology of OR Analysis Success of a Military OR Study
1 2 5 10
2
SEARCH, DETECTION AND DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
13
2.1 2.2
13 15 15 16
2.6 2.7 2.9
Target Acquisition, Engagement and Damage Assessment Detection Theory Sensors Detection Models Detection Models for Radar and Sonar Search Models Target Distribution, Lateral Range and Sweep Width Random and Exhaustive Search Optimal Search Strategy Localization and Tracking Identification and Recognition Hit Probability Distribution of Errors Circular, Rectangular and Elliptic Targets Damage Assessment Point Targets Area Targets Salvo and Pattern Firing Single Vs. Multiple Aiming Point Shooting Tactics Based on Damage Information
19 20 21 24 25 28 28 29 30 38 39 42 47 52 53
3
SIMULATION OF MILITARY SYSTEMS
59
3.1
System, Model and Simulation
59
2.3
2.4 2.5
6
17
VI
3.2
60 61 65 66 68 69 74
3.5 3.6
Monte Carlo Sampling Procedure Area Damaged by Bombs or Shells Continuous System Simulation Discrete System Simulation Hit Probability of a Gun against a Circular Target Survivability of a Tank Achievable Hit Probability from a Tank Gun An Air Defense Naval Engagement Weapon System Simulation Vs.
