Milk somatic cell derived transcriptome analysis identifies regulatory genes and pathways during lactation in Indian Sah
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Milk somatic cell derived transcriptome analysis identifies regulatory genes and pathways during lactation in Indian Sahiwal cattle (Bos indicus) Sonika Ahlawat1 · Ramesh Kumar Vijh1 · Anju Sharma1 · Upasna Sharma1 · Yashila Girdhar1 · Mandeep Kaur1 · Pooja Chhabra1 · Ashish Kumar1 · Reena Arora1 Received: 23 May 2020 / Accepted: 28 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Background The present study is an effort to understand the genomic drivers of lactation in Sahiwal (Bos indicus), the best milch cattle breed of the tropics. Methods RNA sequencing of four animals from early, mid and late lactation stages was performed using milk somatic cells as source of RNA. Results The genes encoding the milk casein and whey proteins showed highest expression in early and mid lactation, with a declining trend towards the late stage. The enhanced expression of PLIN2, FABP5 and FABP3 genes in mid lactation suggests enrichment of the PPARα pathway which is linked to fatty acid metabolism. A gradual decline in the percentage of genes involved in metabolism of proteins, mRNA and insulin synthesis from early to late lactation reflected transition from lactogenesis to involution. Major biological pathways maintained throughout lactation were adaptive immune system, FGF signaling, EGFR signaling, activated TLR4 signaling, NFkB and MAP kinases activation mediated by TLR4 signaling repertoire. Differential expression analysis revealed 547, 1010 and 1313 differentially expressed genes (p
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