Minimum Animal Populations
H. REMMERT Small populations are very often discussed, but there seems to be no general overview touching all the self-evident but norma,lly simply neglected problems connected with small populations. First, there are many very different types of organism
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Edited by
O.L. Lange, Wiirzburg, FRG H.A. Mooney, Stanford, USA H. Remmert, Marburg, FRG
Ecological Studies Volumes published since 1988 are listed at the end of this book
Hermann Remmert (Ed.)
Minimum Animal Populations With 75 Figures, Some in Colour
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest
Professor Dr. Hermann Remmert UniversiHit Marburg Fachbereich Biologie-Zoologie D-35032 Marburg Germany
ISBN-13:978-3-642-78216-9 e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-78214-5 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-78214-5 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Minimum animal populations / Hermann Remmert (ed.). p. cm.-(Ecological studies; vol. 106) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN -13:978-3-642-78216-9 I. Animal populations.2.Extinction (Biology) I. Remmert, H~rmann. II. Series: Ecological studies; v. 106. QL 752.M56 1994 591.52'48-dc20 93-340 10 This work is subject to copyright All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1994 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1994 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Thomson Press (India) Ltd., New Delhi 31/3145/SPS - 5 4 3 2 1 0 - Printed on acid-free paper
Contents
1
Introduction
H. Remmert 2
The Viability of Small Populations of Birds: an Empirical Investigation of Vulnerability
P.G. Ryan and W.R. Siegfried . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5
Introduction........................... The Theory of Small Population Extinctions . . . . . . . Evidence from Birds: Genetic Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . Persistence of Small Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusions...................... References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
3
Small World Populations in Birds: An Attempt of a Bdef General Survey
3 3 4 7 10 17 18
E. Bezzel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
23
3.1 3.2 3.3
Introduction.......... Material and Methods . . . . Results and Conclusions .. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23 24 27 31
4
Genetic, Demographic, Spatial, Environmental and Catastrophic Effects on the Survival Probability of Small Populations of Mammals
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5
H. Korn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33
Introduction........................... G
