Mixed convection enhancement by using optimized porous media and nanofluid in a cavity with two rotating cylinders
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Mixed convection enhancement by using optimized porous media and nanofluid in a cavity with two rotating cylinders Milad Tahmasbi1,2 · Majid Siavashi1,2 · Hamid Reza Abbasi2 · Mohammad Akhlaghi2 Received: 13 February 2020 / Accepted: 18 March 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract Mixed convection inside a square cavity with internal rotating heater and cooler is analyzed numerically by simultaneous application of porous media and nanofluid as a heat transfer enhancement technique. Optimized multi-block porous foams are utilized to enhance the heat transfer. This type of medium could improve the heat transfer rate with manipulation and selection of porous regions’ pore size (or permeability) by amplifying the flow in critical regions and weakening it in noneffective areas. The whole cavity domain is assumed to be made of 25 distinct porous blocks. At first, the effects of the various rotation directions have been investigated and then the optimum distribution of pore size in the porous media is determined in a manner to maximize the heat transfer rate using the pattern search optimization algorithm. Finally, simultaneous effects of application of multi-block porous media and nanoparticle addition to the base fluid on the average Nusselt number are studied in various conditions. For this purpose, various volume fractions of the nanoparticles are implemented to investigate the effects of the different values of the volume fraction on Nu number. The optimization has done for different Ri and Ra numbers for achieving to the best distribution in each condition. In the best condition, 20.4% increase in the heat transfer is obtained. Keywords Mixed convection · Porous media · Rotating cylinder · Optimized · Nanofluid · Enhanced heat transfer List of symbols V⃗ Velocity C1 Inertia resistance C2 Viscous resistance Cd Inertia coefficient dp Pore diameter of porous media (m) F Inertia coefficient f Function * Majid Siavashi [email protected] Milad Tahmasbi [email protected] Hamid Reza Abbasi [email protected] Mohammad Akhlaghi [email protected] 1
Applied Multi‑Phase Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Heydarkhani St., Narmak, Tehran 1684613114, Iran
School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Heydarkhani St., Narmak, Tehran 1684613114, Iran
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H Side length of cavity (m) K Permeability k Thermal conductivity ( W m−1 K−1) ṁ Mass flow rate (kg s−1) n Perpendicular direction Nu Nusselt number 𝜃 Non dimensional temperature P Pressure (kPa) Pr Prandtl number ⃗r Radial direction Ra Rayleigh number Re Reynolds number Ri Richardson number T Temperature (K) x Horizontal direction y Vertical direction Subscripts c Cold dr Drift eff Effective f Fluid h Hot k Secondary phase
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Vol.:(0123456789)
m Mixture p Secondary phase s Solid Greek symbols 𝜑 Nanoparticle volume fraction 𝛽 Thermal expansion coefficient 𝜀 Porosity 𝜌 Dens
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