Mixed-Phase TiO2 Nanomaterials as Efficient Photocatalysts
TiO2, as one of the most promising photocatalysts, exists different phases such as anatase, rutile and brookite. These phases exhibit different properties and consequently different photocatalytic performances. In addition, mixed-phase TiO2 have been demo
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Mixed-Phase TiO2 Nanomaterials as Efficient Photocatalysts Juying Lei, Hong Li, Jinlong Zhang and Masakazu Anpo
Abstract TiO2, as one of the most promising photocatalysts, exists different phases such as anatase, rutile and brookite. These phases exhibit different properties and consequently different photocatalytic performances. In addition, mixed-phase TiO2 have been demonstrated to have enhanced photocatalytic activity relative to pure-phase TiO2. In the past two decades, many research works have been done on the synthesis of different kinds of mixed-phase TiO2 and their applications to photocatalysis. In this review, we firstly give an introduction of three main types of TiO2 phases as mentioned above, including their structural properties, stability, phase transformation and photocatalytic activity. And then we pay more attention on the synthesis of the mixed-phase TiO2. Six preparation methods are introduced in details, which are hydrothermal method, solvothermal method, microemulsionmediated solvothermal method, sol-gel method, solvent mixing and calcination method and high-temperature calcination method. Following this, three kinds of applications of the mixed-phase TiO2 in the photocatalysis field are comprehensively highlighted, including photocatalytic production of hydrogen, reduction of CO2 and degradation of organic pollutants. As the photocatalytic activity of the mixed-phase TiO2 is usually higher than the single phase TiO2, the mechanism for the enhancing effects of the mixed phases are discussed. Finally, the existing problems of mixed-phase TiO2 are summarized and the application prospects of this kind of nanomaterials are outlooked. H. Li J. Zhang Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected] J. Lei State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China M. Anpo (&) Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Naka Ku, 1-1 Gakuencho, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan e-mail: [email protected] © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 H. Ünlü et al. (eds.), Low-Dimensional and Nanostructured Materials and Devices, NanoScience and Technology, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-25340-4_17
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Introduction
In recent years, there has been great concern over the many serious environmental problems and lack of natural clean energy resources that we face on a global scale. The increase in world population and industrial growth have all led to accelerated energy consumption and the unabated release of toxic agents and industrial wastes into the air and waterways, leading to pollution-related diseases, global warming and abnormal climatic changes. Thus, environmentally harmonious, clean and safe scientific te
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