Mixed Reality Anatomy Using Microsoft HoloLens and Cadaveric Dissection: A Comparative Effectiveness Study
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Mixed Reality Anatomy Using Microsoft HoloLens and Cadaveric Dissection: A Comparative Effectiveness Study M. Stojanovska 1 & G. Tingle 2 & L. Tan 2 & L. Ulrey 2 & S. Simonson-Shick 2 & J. Mlakar 2 & H. Eastman 2 & R. Gotschall 2 & A. Boscia 1 & R. Enterline 3 & E. Henninger 2 & K. A. Herrmann 4 & S. W. Simpson 3 & M. A. Griswold 2,4 & S. Wish-Baratz 2,3
# International Association of Medical Science Educators 2019
Abstract Purpose As the amount of curricular material required of medical students increases, less time is available for anatomy; thus, methods to teach anatomy more efficiently and effectively are necessary. In this randomized controlled trial, we looked at the effectiveness of a mixed reality (MR) device to teach musculoskeletal anatomy to medical students compared with traditional cadaveric dissection. Method Participating students were divided into three cohorts. Cohort 1 first studied upper limb anatomy in MR followed by lower limb anatomy through cadaveric dissection. Cohort 2 studied upper limb anatomy with cadaveric dissection followed by lower limb anatomy in MR. After the six sessions, a third cohort of 33 students who never received any teaching in MR was recruited to participate in the final practical exams as a control group. All 64 students completed two practical exams with equivalent content, one in the cadaver lab and one using MR. Results The average scores were 73.8% + 12.3 on the cadaver exam and 74.2% + 13.0 in MR. There is no statistical difference between these scores (p > 0.05). A correlation was found between the MR practical exam and cadaver practical exam scores (r = 0.74, p < 0.01) across all students. Conclusions To our knowledge, this study marks the first time that MR was compared with traditional anatomy learning modalities in a multi-session, group course. Our results clearly indicate that medical students, regardless of the study modality, performed similarly on the MR and the cadaver practical exams. Keywords Medical education . Anatomy . Mixed reality . Virtual reality . HoloLens
Introduction Anatomical knowledge is generally accepted as important in medical education and, for over 400 years, cadaveric dissection has been employed to teach this essential topic [1]. In a study by Arraez-Aybar et al., practicing medical professionals * M. Stojanovska [email protected] 1
Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
2
Interactive Commons, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
3
Department of Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
4
Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
identified human anatomy as the most relevant basic science discipline for daily clinical practice [2]. Until very recently, dissection, along with lectures and other didactics, was the main method for teaching anatomy to medical students [3]. As the amount of health sciences content required of medical students increases, less curricular time is av
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