Model and Design of Bipolar and MOS Current-Mode Logic CML, ECL and
Current-Mode digital circuits have been extensively analyzed and used since the early days of digital ICs. In particular, bipolar Current-Mode digital circuits emerged as an approach to realize digital circuits with the highest speed. Together with its sp
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Model and Design of Bipolar and MOS Current-Mode Logic CML, ECL and SCL Digital Circuits by
Massimo Alioto University of Siena, Italy and
Gaetano Palumbo University of Catania, Italy
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 1-4020-2878-4 (HB) ISBN 1-4020-2888-1 (e-book)
Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Sold and distributed in North, Central and South America by Springer, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Springer, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
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To our: Maria Daniela and (mom) Giusi Michela, Francesca & Chiara
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CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT PREFACE 1. DEVICE MODELING FOR DIGITAL CIRCUITS (by Gianluca Giustolisi and Rosario Mita) 1.1 PN JUNCTION 1.1.1 Reverse Bias Condition 1.1.2 Foward Bias Condition 1.2 BIPOLAR-JUNCTION TRANSISTORS 1.2.1 Basic Operation 1.2.2 Early Effect or Base Width Modulation 1.2.3 Charge Effects in the Bipolar Transistor 1.2.4 Small Signal Model 1.3 MOS TRANSISTORS 1.3.1 Basic Operation 1.3.2 Triode or Linear Region 1.3.3 Saturation or Active Region 1.3.4 Body Effect 1.3.5 p-channel Transistors 1.3.6 Charge Effects in Saturation Region 1.3.7 Charge Effects in Triode Region 1.3.8 Charge Effects in Cutoff Region 1.3.9 Small Signal Model 1.3.10 Second Order Effects in MOSFET Modeling 2. CURRENT-MODE DIGITAL CIRCUITS 2.1 THE BIPOLAR CURRENT-MODE INVERTER: BASIC PRINCIPLES 2.2 THE BIPOLAR CURRENT-MODE INVERTER: INPUTOUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS AND NOISE MARGIN 2.2.1 Differential input/output 2.2.2 Single-ended input/output 2.2.3 Considerations on the non zero input current 2.2.4 Remarks and comparison of differential/single-ended gates 2.3 THE BUFFERED BIPOLAR CURRENT-MODE (ECL) INVERTER 2.4 THE MOS CURRENT-MODE INVERTER 2.4.1 Static modeling of the PMOS active load 2.4.2 Input-output characteristics
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2.4.3 Evaluation of the noise margin 2.4.4 Validation of the static model 2.4.5 The buffered MOS Current-Mode inverter and remarks 2.5 FUNDAMENTAL CURRENT-MODE LOGIC GATES 2.5.1 Principle of operation of Current-Mode gates: the series gating concept 2.5.2 Some examples of Current-Mode series gates 2.5.3 Supply voltage limitations in bipolar Current-Mode gates 2.5.4 MOS Current-Mode series gates and supply voltage limitations 2.6 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS OF CURRENT-MODE CIRCUITS 2.6.1 Radio Frequency applications 2.6.2 Optic
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