Modeling of surfactant adsorption on coated quartz crystal surfaces during surfactant flooding process
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Modeling of surfactant adsorption on coated quartz crystal surfaces during surfactant flooding process Meysam Nourani1 · Thomas Tichelkamp1 · Bartlomiej Gaweł1 · Jens Norrman1 · Gisle Øye1 Received: 20 July 2020 / Accepted: 14 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020 OPEN
Abstract The focus of this study was the experimental determination of surfactant adsorption during low salinity water injection combined with surfactant flooding (LSW-SF) into an oil reservoir and development of an analytical model to predict this adsorption. The experimental model used was surfactant adsorption on silica and aluminosilicate coated quartz crystal surfaces in a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), taking into consideration different surfactant concentrations, different surfactants, and the effect of different oils. In a previous study, the authors developed a method for determining the oil desorption from surfaces in QCM measurements. In this method the frequency decrease due to surfactant adsorption was determined experimentally by carrying out the blank measurements, and the role of the oil in the surfactant adsorption process was neglected. Therefore, in the developed calculation procedure for simplicity and practicality, it was assumed that the surfactant adsorption is independent of the oil properties. The analytical solution of the developed theoretically model in this study and the associated QCM experiments with different oils showed that taking into account the role played by the oil, it was possible to predict the difference in surfactant adsorptions with different type of oils, and there is a good agreement between analytical and experimental results. The results of the model reveal that surfactant\ oil replacement on silica surfaces increased with increasing concentration of surfactant on silica surfaces. On the other hand, it decreased on aluminosilicate crystals with increasing surfactant concentrations. Keywords Surfactant adsorption · Low salinity water injection combined with surfactant flooding · Analytical model · Quartz crystal microbalance · Silica · Aluminosilicate
Surfactant flooding is a well-known enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method that has been used worldwide for decades [1, 2]. In surfactant flooding, injected surfactants are supposed to participate in oil recovery processes, but loss of surfactants due to adsorption on the rocks in the reservoir can also lead to lower oil recoveries than expected. Because of this, one of the main challenges facing surfactant flooding is the adsorption of surfactant on the formation rock, something that can make the surfactant flooding process economically unfeasible [3, 4]. Low salinity water flooding is a quite new technique, implemented to adjust the salt content in sea water before injection
to the reservoir. Therefore it has been considered by various research groups as one of the most inexpensive techniques of EOR [5, 6] and has been reported for both laboratory core floods and field tests [7–10]. The combination of low salinity water injection and surfactant floodin
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