Modelling Concept Based upon Three-Dimensional Models
This chapter presents examples of results of numerical analyses of the deformation process in conditions of liquid and solid phase coexistence, conducted on the basis of a modelling concept using three-dimensional models. The analysis was carried out with
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Modelling Concept Based upon Three-Dimensional Models
This chapter presents examples of results of numerical analyses of the deformation process in conditions of liquid and solid phase coexistence, conducted on the basis of a modelling concept using three-dimensional models. The analysis was carried out with simplifying assumptions arising from the limited capabilities of the computing environment designed. The analyses take into account the complete characteristic of the thermo-physical data in the whole temperature range concerned. The model reconstructs the most important main effects and is able to analyse qualitatively the resistance heating process course, and next the deformation process. The chapter is supplemented with results of physical simulations, along with macro- and microstructural test results obtained on the basis of the modified research methodology.
9.1
Modified Experimental Research Methodology
Physical simulations of resistance heating and steel deformation processes in the semi-solid state were carried out with a Gleeble 3800 thermo-mechanical simulator [1]. The fundamental research methodology covering the steel sample heating and melting programme, as well as the execution of the deformation process itself, is analogous to the experimental-modelled research based upon a modelling concept using axially symmetrical models. Steel S355 was the tested material. A new type of hexahedral samples was used in the tests: – type A samples (10 10 76 mm), – type B samples (10 10 100 mm), – type C samples (10 10 125 mm). The sample length, which is different for each sample type, largely determines the actual length of the heating zone in the simulator system, which in turn influences the width of the obtained remelting zone. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 M. Hojny, Modeling Steel Deformation in the Semi-Solid State, Advanced Structured Materials 47, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-40863-7_9
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9 Modelling Concept Based upon Three-Dimensional Models
A new type of copper grips, adopted to the new sample shape, was used in the tests. In addition, the quartz shield, which was primarily to protect the simulator inside against an accidental leak of liquid metal during testing, was given up. This approach allowed one to limit the disturbances influencing the heat transfer mechanism between the sample and the environment (the simulator inside). The experience gained during the tests with cylindrical samples enabled a precise experiment schedule to be developed, allowing a safe course and full control over the experiment to be ensured. Figure 9.1 presents the view of the Gleeble 3800 simulator with a type C hexahedral sample installed and a control thermocouple in the middle of the sample heating zone. Additionally, during the basic tests, an additional thermocouple was installed near the contact place of the sample with the copper holder. On the basis of the determined characteristic temperatures of the steel tested (see Chap. 7), and bearing in mind that as a result of resis
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