Modelling distracted agents in crowd simulations
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Modelling distracted agents in crowd simulations Melissa Kremer1
· Brandon Haworth2 · Mubbasir Kapadia3 · Petros Faloutsos1,4
© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Multi-agent simulations can provide useful insights into the movement of pedestrians in arbitrary environments for predictive planning and analysis. The fidelity of such agents is important for the validity of the associated analyses. Current methods tend to employ agent models that are largely homogeneous in both physical abilities and behaviours. However, actual pedestrians exhibit a wide range of locomotion abilities and behaviours. In this work, we take a first step towards identifying and modelling distracted behaviours, such as walking and texting on a cell phone. Our models relate reported changes to the locomotion patterns and sensory abilities of distracted pedestrians to the corresponding parameters of a commonly used crowd simulation steering approach. We demonstrate experimentally that accounting for even a few of these behaviours significantly alters the flow patterns of the simulated agents. This impact affects overall crowd behaviour and is reflected in several crowd statistics including flow rate, effort, and kinetic energy. Keywords Crowd simulation · Behavioural modelling · Distracted behaviours
1 Introduction Simulating virtual pedestrians provides an effective way to estimate and analyze the movement and flow patterns of people within existing or to be constructed environments, for urban planning, architecture, emergency response and similar domains. Most current work in this area focuses on largely homogeneous agents with similar sensory and locomotion abilities. Although the size and desired velocity of the agents Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-020-01969-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Melissa Kremer [email protected] Brandon Haworth [email protected] Mubbasir Kapadia [email protected] Petros Faloutsos [email protected]
1
York University, Toronto, Canada
2
University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
3
Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
4
Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
can be parametrized, sensing and locomotion are both normative. Recent work has shown that including non-normative gaits in pedestrian simulations results in significant differences in various measures derived from the movement of the simulated crowds [13]. Others have shown that implementing heterogeneous crowds in terms of emotion and personality, physiological characteristics, psychology, cultural diversity, and many other variables [2,5,10,32,41,46] has huge impact on the overall flow of simulated crowds. This points to the need to carefully and intentionally include various forms of heterogeneity in multi-agent crowds simulations. State-of-the-art research in behavioural modelling for simulated agents focuses primarily on deliber
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