Modelling of Air Pollutants of Highway Roads in Hungary
The aim of the study is to determinate the CO and NO2 concentrations near Hungarian motorways. The CALINE4 dispersion model developed by the California Department of Transportation was adapted at the Hungarian Meteorological Service. The dispersion equati
- PDF / 977,672 Bytes
- 8 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 34 Downloads / 189 Views
Introduction As new European Community member Hungary is obliged to harmonize its transport sector according to the European rules. The harmonization process concerns among others road network development, transport security as well as environmental issues. Due to the lack of suitable technical tools the difficult contradictory issues related to the environmental matters were not rationally managed. For the accomplishment of such concept a sophisticated environmental model is necessary considering all traffic related atmospheric pollutant emission of major roads. Implementing such an environmental model Hungary could optimize its transport sector in conformity with the EC rules. The present work aims to provide decision makers the necessary technological support and scientific information on air quality of highway roads. To achieve this goal a road dispersion model will be used to estimate the possible effects of road traffic on ambient air.
Emission The expressway network in Hungary was in 2004 comprised of 650 km of motorway, 205 km of clearways and highways (which are comprised of highways serving as expressways, highways with expressway features later converted to expressways, and highway sections with expressway features) as well as 188 km of junction point sections, 52 km of roads leading to rest areas, and 106 rest areas (see Fig. 1). The Hungarian CO and NOx emissions from mobile sources have been investigated by Merétei [1]. Emission of nitrogen oxides from road traffic continuously
G. Baranka (*) Hungarian Meteorological Service
S. Rauch et al. (eds.), Highway and Urban Environment, Alliance for Global Sustainability Bookseries 17, DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-3043-6_9, © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010
79
80
G. Baranka
Fig. 1 Expressway network in Hungary in 2004
NOx emission from road traffic 120
kilotonnes
80
40
0
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
Fig. 2 NOx emission from road traffic in Hungary, determined by [1]
increased (Fig. 2), while the emission of carbon monoxide from the same sources decreased during the last 20 years (Fig. 3). The NOx emissions from road traffic is growing (growing rate is 20%) due to the increase in traveled kilometers by cars and duty vehicles. In the same time NOx emissions from the European member countries decreased by 20% due to the application of three steps catalysts in new cars and the changes of the compound of the fuel. Source emissions are a function of both the vehicle emission factors and the vehicle activity (usually measured in vehicle kilometers traveled). The vehicle emission factors can differ greatly depending on the type of road, vehicle fleet mix, and traffic flow encountered. As a result, emission factors were determined specifically for each roadside location to ensure that the appropriate input was used for the
Modelling of Air Pollutants of Highway Roads in Hungary
600
kilotonnes
81
CO emission from road traffic
400 200 0
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
Fig. 3 CO emission from road traffic in Hungary, ca
Data Loading...
