Impact of Air Pollutants on Southern Pine Forests
The public's attitude toward air pollution in the United States evolved substantially during the 1960s. One of the results of the nation's emerging environmental ethic was the creation of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in December of 1970
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Edited by O.L. Lange, Wiirzburg, FRG H.A. Mooney, Stanford, USA
Ecological Studies Volumes published since 1989 are listed at the end of this book.
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Susan Fox Robert A. Mickler Editors
Impact of Air Pollutants on Southern Pine Forests
With 88 Illustrations, 25 in color
Springer
Susan Fox USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station Raleigh, NC 27606 USA
Robert A. Mickler ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc. Raleigh, NC 27606 USA
All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc., in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Impact of air pollutants on southern pine forests / Susan Fox and Robert A Mickler, editors. p. cm.-(Ecological studies; vol. 118) Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 978-1-4612-6909-0 ISBN 978-1-4612-0809-9 (eBook) DOl 10.1 007/978-1-4612-0809-9 1. Pine-Effect of air pollution on-Southern States. 2. PineWounds and injuries-Southern States. 3. Forest ecology-Southern States. 4. Forest health-Southern States. I. Fox, Susan (Susan A) II. Mickler, Robert A III. Series: Ecological studies; v.
118.
SB745.148 1995 634.9'751619-dc20
95-16799
Printed on acid-free paper.
© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Springer-Verlag New York in 1996 Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1996 Copyright is not claimed for works by U.S. Government employees. All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc., in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. Production coordinated by Chernow Editorial Services, Inc., and managed by Karen Phillips; manufacturing supervised by Jacqui Ashri. Typeset by Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong. 987 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 978-1-4612-6909-0
Preface
The public's attitud
